火电厂离子交换树脂再生废水处理及减排

针对火电厂离子交换树脂再生废水中和处理过程中遇到的问题,探讨影响中和处理的因素,并提出减少火电厂离子交换树脂再生废水排放的措施.     

Investigation of basic properties of fly ash from urban waste incinerators in China

Basic properties of fly ash samples from different urban waste combustion facilities in China were analyzed using as X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The leaching toxicity procedure and some factors influencing heavy metals distribution in fly ash were further investigated. Experimental results indicate that the fly ash structures are complex and its properties are variable. The results of XRF and SEM revealed that the major elements （〉10000 mg/kg, listed in decreasing order of abundance） in fly ash are O, Ca, Cl, Si, S, K, Na, Al, Fe and Zn. These elements account for 93% to 97%, and the content of Cl ranges from 6.93% to 29.18 %, while that of SiO2 does from 4.48% to 24.84%. The minor elements （1000 to 10000 mg/kg） include Cr, Cu and Pb. Primary heavy metals in fly ash include Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu etc. According to standard leaching test, heavy metal leaching levels vary from 0 to 163.10 mg/L （Pb） and from 0.049 to 164.90 mg/L （Zn）, mostly exceeding the Chinese Identification Standard for hazardous wastes. Morphology of fly ash is irregular, with both amorphous structures and polycrystalline aggregates. Further research showed that heavy metals were volatilized at a high furnace temperature, condensed when cooling down during the post-furnace system and captured at air pollution control systems. Generally, heavy metals are mainly present in the forms of aerosol particulates or tiny particulates enriched on surfaces of fly ash particles. The properties of fly ash are greatly influenced by the treatment capacities of incinerators or the variation of waste retention time in chamber. Fly ash from combustors of larger capacities generally has higher contents of volatile component and higher leaching toxicity, while those of smaller capacities often produce fly ash containing higher levels of nonvolatile components and has lower toxicity. The content of heavy metals and leaching toxicity maybe have no convincing correlation, and high alkali content of CaO greatly contribute to leaching toxicity of heavy metal and acid neutralization capacity against acid rain.     

Removal of heavy metals using waste eggshell

The removal capacity of toxic heavy metals by the reused eggshell was studied.As a pretreatment process for the preparation of reused material from waste eggshell,calcination was performed in the furnace at 800℃for 2 h after crushing the dried waste eggshell.Calcination behavior,qualitative and quantitative elemental information,mineral type and surface characteristics before and after calcination of eggshell were examined by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA),X-ray fluorescence (XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),respectively.After calcination,the major inorganic composition was identified as Ca(lime, 99.63%)and K,P and Sr were identified as minor components.When calcined eggshell was applied in the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing heavy metals,a complete removal of Cd as well as above 99% removal of Cr was observed after 10 min. Although the natural eggshell had some removal capacity of Cd and Cr,a complete removal was not accomplished even after 60 min due to quite slower removal rate.However,in contrast to Cd and Cr,an efficient removal of Pb was observed with the natural eggshell rather than the calcined eggshell.From the application of the calcined eggshell in the treatment of real electroplating wastewater, the calcined eggshell showed a promising removal capacity of heavy metal ions as well as had a good neutralization capacity in the treatment of strong acidic wastewater.     

“双碳”目标背景下节能监察制度研究

“节能降碳增效行动”是国务院明确的“碳达峰十大行动”之一，节能是控制碳排放最直接的方式，也将伴随碳中和始终，而节能的关键在于提高能源效率。节能监察制度是保障节能与能源效率的关键制度，目前我国节能监察制度存在体制不畅、执法偏软、实效存疑等问题。节能法律制度设计需以提升能源效率为出发点，为节能提供讲效率的制度环境。在碳达峰碳中和目标背景下，节能监察制度的完善应当追求行政效率、执法效率，并与激励性制度相衔接。     

水中天然有机物混凝过程的光学在线监测及控制

以腐殖酸为去除对象，用光散射颗粒分析仪（PDA）对水中天然有机物的混凝过程进行在线监测，结果表明PDA输出信号（FI曲线）的特征值与絮凝体粒径和有机物去除率之间具有相关性，在弱酸性（pH=5.0)T和中性（pH=7.0)条件下，通过合理控制混凝剂投量，腐殖酸的TOC去除率可达50％，UV254去除率可达80％－90％，但pH=7.0时的投量为pH=5.0的5倍以上，在pH＝5．0的条件下，吸附电和中是有机物混凝的主要机理，但在混凝剂投量非常高的情况下，卷扫絮凝也起重要作用。在pH=7.0条件下，卷扫絮凝则是有机物混凝的主要机理。     

钻井废水酸化中和预处理研究

针对钻井废水悬浮物和CODCr含量高的污染特征,对其酸化中和预处理的可行性进行了实验研究,并对其作用机理进行了探讨,以浓H2SO4 调节pH至1.5,加入石灰乳中和使 pH为9,可使CODCr的去除率达到50%,悬浮物的去除率达到80%.处理可在废水池内进行,给下一步利用装置进行混凝处理创造了条件。