中和沉淀渣的稳定化研究

本研究用铁酸盐(FeSO_4·7H_2O)包复中和沉淀渣。实验证明,影响因素有加入的铁酸盐总量、反应温度、空气鼓泡速度、反应pH、氧化还原电位和加料次数。当加入铁酸盐总量减少时,包复效果变差;温度升高,对Mn包复不利;温度降低,使Cd、Cu和Zn的包复效果变坏;空气鼓泡速度变小,反应速度变慢;降低pH值,有利包复,但pH小于9时,不易控制;氧化还原电位对包复影响不明显;增加加料次数,有利包复。通过这种处理,在中和沉淀渣的小颗粒上形成完全的铁酸盐包复膜,在弱酸性条件下重金属离子不再浸出。     

两种模式下中国未来发电行业发展情景及其环境效益分析

为了研究“双碳”目标模式下我国发电行业发展前景及带来的环境效益,建立了饱和“S”状灰色模型计算了按照旧有发电模式——非“双碳”模式下2021～2060年发电行业装机容量和发电量,并基于“中国2030年能源电力发展规划研究及2060年展望报告”计算获得了“双碳”模式下2021～2060年发电行业装机容量和发电量,对比研究了两种模式下中国未来发电行业的发展情景.通过物料衡算法和火电行业排放绩效构建了CO₂、 SO₂、 NO_x、 PM、 PM₁₀和PM_2.5的排放因子以及减排因子,定义了用于衡量污染物减排量的4种环境效益A₁～A₄.结果表明,在“双碳”模式下,火电机组将于2026年实现碳达峰,之后年均降低0.28亿kW,同时要求可再生能源发电机组于2020年后年均增加1.54亿kW以实现碳中和.与非“双碳”模式相比,“双碳”模式下火力发电装机容量将大幅度减少,可再生能源发电装机容量将大量增加,由此产生巨大的环境效益A₁...     

酸碱废水中和系统絮凝条件优化及最佳产泥量的研究

为满足吉化公司 30万t乙烯工程A O工艺废水处理的需要 ,进行了酸碱废水中和系统絮凝条件优化及最佳产泥量的研究 ,确定了最佳pH值下的最佳产泥量和絮凝剂的投加量 ,满足了A O工艺的SS进水指标 ,为掌握酸碱废水中和系统的生产规律和改扩建提供了科学依据     

Investigation of basic properties of fly ash from urban waste incinerators in China

Basic properties of fly ash samples from different urban waste combustion facilities in China were analyzed using as X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The leaching toxicity procedure and some factors influencing heavy metals distribution in fly ash were further investigated. Experimental results indicate that the fly ash structures are complex and its properties are variable. The results of XRF and SEM revealed that the major elements （〉10000 mg/kg, listed in decreasing order of abundance） in fly ash are O, Ca, Cl, Si, S, K, Na, Al, Fe and Zn. These elements account for 93% to 97%, and the content of Cl ranges from 6.93% to 29.18 %, while that of SiO2 does from 4.48% to 24.84%. The minor elements （1000 to 10000 mg/kg） include Cr, Cu and Pb. Primary heavy metals in fly ash include Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu etc. According to standard leaching test, heavy metal leaching levels vary from 0 to 163.10 mg/L （Pb） and from 0.049 to 164.90 mg/L （Zn）, mostly exceeding the Chinese Identification Standard for hazardous wastes. Morphology of fly ash is irregular, with both amorphous structures and polycrystalline aggregates. Further research showed that heavy metals were volatilized at a high furnace temperature, condensed when cooling down during the post-furnace system and captured at air pollution control systems. Generally, heavy metals are mainly present in the forms of aerosol particulates or tiny particulates enriched on surfaces of fly ash particles. The properties of fly ash are greatly influenced by the treatment capacities of incinerators or the variation of waste retention time in chamber. Fly ash from combustors of larger capacities generally has higher contents of volatile component and higher leaching toxicity, while those of smaller capacities often produce fly ash containing higher levels of nonvolatile components and has lower toxicity. The content of heavy metals and leaching toxicity maybe have no convincing correlation, and high alkali content of CaO greatly contribute to leaching toxicity of heavy metal and acid neutralization capacity against acid rain.     

钻井废水酸化中和预处理研究

针对钻井废水悬浮物和CODCr含量高的污染特征,对其酸化中和预处理的可行性进行了实验研究,并对其作用机理进行了探讨,以浓H2SO4 调节pH至1.5,加入石灰乳中和使 pH为9,可使CODCr的去除率达到50%,悬浮物的去除率达到80%.处理可在废水池内进行,给下一步利用装置进行混凝处理创造了条件。     

水中天然有机物混凝过程的光学在线监测及控制

以腐殖酸为去除对象，用光散射颗粒分析仪（PDA）对水中天然有机物的混凝过程进行在线监测，结果表明PDA输出信号（FI曲线）的特征值与絮凝体粒径和有机物去除率之间具有相关性，在弱酸性（pH=5.0)T和中性（pH=7.0)条件下，通过合理控制混凝剂投量，腐殖酸的TOC去除率可达50％，UV254去除率可达80％－90％，但pH=7.0时的投量为pH=5.0的5倍以上，在pH＝5．0的条件下，吸附电和中是有机物混凝的主要机理，但在混凝剂投量非常高的情况下，卷扫絮凝也起重要作用。在pH=7.0条件下，卷扫絮凝则是有机物混凝的主要机理。