“双碳”目标下国家高新区绿色发展研究

面向碳达峰碳中和目标和新发展理念要求,本文主要聚焦于国家高新技术产业开发区的绿色发展路径探讨。首先,概述了近20年国家高新技术产业开发区战略定位演变特征和发展取得的主要成就。其次,深入分析了国家高新技术产业开发区开展碳达峰碳中和工作面临的主要技术难点与挑战,包括园区空间范围的明确界定,减污降碳协同面临的跨供应链、产业链、价值链、多系统融合等复合型技术难题,园区对“双碳”目标与发展关系的认识不充分不到位,以及管理机制仍存在不明确等方面。进而,对国家高新技术产业开发区碳达峰碳中和与绿色发展的关系进行辨识。在此基础上,本文分别从管理部门和园区视角,提出国家高新技术产业开发区推进绿色低碳发展的8项重点任务,以期推动国家高新技术产业开发区绿色发展迈上新台阶。     

电极-生物膜法处理铜酸洗废水

采用自行设计的反应器,用电极-生物膜法对铜酸洗废水进行了直接处理.结果表明,经过铜离子梯度驯化的反硝化微生物可以适应铜离子的存在并有效完成反硝化过程,在最佳工艺条件(电流密度为0.1mA/cm²,C/N为1.07)时,出水中总无机氮(TN)去除率达到98%以上,铜离子浓度<1mg/L,pH值在7左右,且不存在二次污染.电极-生物膜法可同步高效地实现中和、反硝化及铜离子的去除.验证了通过交换电极回收铜的可行性.     

两种不同形态的铝盐混凝剂的吸附电中和特征

通过吸附历时过程,饱和吸附量,吸附过程Ｎａ＾＋离子交换释放,絮凝前后高岭土微粒的ζ电位测定等实验考察ＡｌＣｌ３（ＡＣ）和聚合铝两种不同形态的铝盐对高岭土悬浮水样的吸附电中和特征,并探讨了其作用机理。     

广州地区雨水化学组成与雨水酸度主控因子研究

采集了广州地区2003-10～2004-09的雨水样品,通过对雨水样品的pH值、主要阴阳离子组成和可溶性有机碳(DOC)的测定,分析了广州地区酸雨的现状以及影响雨水酸度的主要因素等.结果表明,在观测期间,广州地区酸雨频率高达85%;雨水的主要离子组成为NH₄⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Ca²⁺、Cl^-和Na⁺,而DOC约占总化学组成的24.0%;雨水酸度的主要控制离子还是SO₄^2-,但NO₃^-对雨水酸度的影响越来越大;同时,水溶性有机酸对雨水酸度的贡献也很明显.另外,来自扬尘中高浓度的碱性含钙化合物也对雨水酸度有明显的中和作用.     

聚合氯化铝(PACl)混凝絮体的破碎与恢复

通过烧杯实验以及在线粒度监测考察了聚合氯化铝（PACl）混凝所生成絮体的破碎以及随后絮体的恢复情况.结果发现,絮体的破碎以及恢复情况因混凝区域的不同而呈现不同的规律.在稳定区,絮体的强度较大,不易破碎,且破碎后的絮体可进一步增长,其恢复因子高达259%;在电中和混凝区,絮体的强度最小,易于破碎,但破碎后可完全恢复;在再稳区和卷扫混凝区,絮体的强度较大,不易破碎,但破碎后不能完全恢复,其中后者的恢复因子仅为18.6％.再搅拌强度越大,对絮体的破碎及恢复程度的影响越大.对于卷扫混凝,经再搅拌破碎后而得到部分恢复的絮体,相对于未经再搅拌的絮体而言,其絮体层与水体间界面的沉降高度及平均沉降速率均较低,且在絮凝沉降区和区域沉降区,该絮体界面的瞬时沉降速率在同一絮体浓度下均较低,但在压缩沉降区,二者的瞬时沉降速率相同.     

Influence of oxygen flow rate and compost addition on reduction of organic matter in aerated waste layer containing mainly incineration residue

Landfilling municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residue alkalizes the waste layer, causing a subsequent decrease in microbial activity and a delay in the decomposition of organic matter. In this study, efficiencies of neutralization of the leachate and organic matter decomposition in the waste layer in a column filled with MSWI residue using aeration and compost addition were evaluated.Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction in the waste layer is large at high oxygen flow rate (OFR). To effectively accelerate TOC reduction in the waste layer to which compost was added, a high OFR exceeding that by natural ventilation was required. At day 65, the pH of the leachate when OFR was above 102mol-O2/(day·m3) was lower than that when OFR was below 101mol-O2/(day·m3). At the same OFR, the pH of waste sample was lower than that of waste sample with compost. Although leachate neutralization could be affected by compost addition, TOC reduction in the waste layer became rather small. It is possible that humic substances in compost prevent the decomposition of TOC in MSWI residue.     

Quantifying the electron-donating and -accepting capacities of wastewater for evaluating and optimizing biological wastewater treatment processes

Biological processes have been widely used for the treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters. In such biological processes, pollutants are converted into pollution-free substances by microorganisms through oxidation-reduction reactions. Thus, how to quantify the internal oxidation-reduction properties wastewaters and seek out targeted countermeasures is essential to understand, operate, and optimize biological wastewater treatment systems. So far, no such approach is available yet. In this work, a novel concept of electron neutralization-based evaluation is proposed to describe the internal oxidation-reduction properties of wastewater. Pollutants in wastewater are defined as electron donor substances (EDSs) or electron acceptor substances (EASs), which could give or accept electrons, respectively. With such an electron neutralization concept, several parameters, i.e., electron residual concentration (R), economy-related index (E and E_r), and economical evaluation index (Y and Y_r), are defined. Then, these parameters are used to evaluate the performance and economic aspects of currently applied wastewater treatment processes and even optimize systems. Three case studies demonstrate that the proposed concept could be effectively used to reduce wastewater treatment costs, assess energy recovery, and evaluate process performance. Therefore, a new, simple, and reliable methodology is established to describe the oxidation-reduction properties of wastewater and assess the biological wastewater treatment processes.     

石灰铁盐法除砷中和渣的资源化制砖

文章介绍了石灰铁盐法除砷中和渣的产生机理及无害化处置 (堆存 )的方法 ,并针对处置中存在占用土地、费用高、伴有环境风险等问题 ,金隆公司与某制砖厂联手将中和渣成功用于制砖。     

中小型燃煤锅炉湿法除尘废水治理技术现状及其发展

前言我国目前有各种工业锅炉及生活燃煤锅炉５０多万台，其中８０％为各种中小型锅炉（１ｔ／ｈ～３５ｔ／ｈ）。在这些锅炉中安装有湿法除尘设备（含各种水膜，淋洗装置）的约占３０～４０％，据统计一台１０ｔ／ｈ的此类锅炉年消耗自来水（含除尘、冲渣等用水）约５～７...     

Fenton反应-中和-厌氧生物法处理某高盐度工业废水

实验采用Fenton反应-中和-厌氧菌法处理某高盐度工业废水,考察了各因素对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,Fenton反应处理该工业废水的最佳条件是:n(H2O2):n(COD)=2:1,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=4:1,pH=3,反应时间采用120 min。Fenton处理后废水COD由24 230 mg/L下降到13 020 mg/L,去除率达到46.26%;所得反应液用Ca(OH)2中和沉淀后COD值降低到11 060 mg/L,去除率为15.05%;最后废水经稀释后进行厌氧菌降解处理,COD为1 625 mg/L的废水经厌氧菌6天处理后降为466 mg/L,去除率为71.32%,达到GB8978-1996中规定的COD三级排放标准。