The Green Village project: a rural community's journey towards sustainability

In the South West of the UK, a growing number of rural and urban communities are exploring various pathways to a more sustainable living. The village of Belstone is among these pioneers of change through its Green Village project. It is a relatively affluent community and it has been a major challenge to engage people that are reticent to change their lifestyle and suspicious of the motives of the initiators. Based on a process of action research, this paper explores the attitudes and perceptions towards sustainability and how they influenced the people's engagement. We demonstrate that the partnership was effective in enabling the villagers engaged in the project to take control over the process. Behaviour changes were reported by the villagers actively engaged with the initiative. The Green Village did not “snowball” to the entire community; however, many of those who chose not to engage associated the word “Green” with traits that they did not identify with.     

Contemporary and traditional localism: a conceptualisation of rural local food

The increasingly popular local food movement in the US has experienced wide-scale buy-in on behalf of the general public as well as in academic arenas. However, there have been recent efforts to critique this movement, typically for being inequitable and unfairly geared towards those with above-average financial means. In this article, I examine local food efforts and present a new conceptualisation of food localism. While geographically localised food consumption activities are taking place, some have ideological labels attached to them, whereas others do not. What I have termed contemporary and traditional localisms exist in the same physical but different social space. The contemporary local is represented by current local food initiatives and corresponding aspirations to support local farmers and to promote sustainability through local purchasing behaviour. The traditional local, on the other hand, is similar in that it represents food growing activities that are in close geographical proximity to consumption, but lacks the motivation associated with the contemporary local's programmatic literature; instead, it is guided by a motivation to obtain fresh and affordable food. I substantiate the contemporary/traditional localism framework with qualitative fieldwork findings from Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA, and describe the practical as well as conceptual implications of this framework.     

佳木斯市农村环境问题研究

畜禽养殖业污染、生活垃圾随意堆放、农用化学物质、农用塑料制品污染、工业经济发展和城市化扩张对农村环境产生破坏是佳木斯市环境污染的主要表现。资金匮乏、法律制度不健全、农民环保意识不强、农业技术发展与环境保护不同步、各部门沟通较少是造成农村环境污染的主要原因。通过加强法制建设、改变农业生产模式、走生态农业发展之路、加大资金投入和宣传教育力度、部门间协调,可有效解决农村环境污染问题。     

基于三维GIS的油罐区应急管理平台研究与实现

分析油罐区危险特性和事故模式,将三维GIS系统、日常管理、监控预警、应急指挥与辅助决策等功能进行集成,建立基于三维GIS的油罐区一体化应急管理平台。该平台利用数据融合技术,将液位、可燃气体、温度等多参数进行了融合,提高了报警可靠性。同时构建了DEA-BP应急资源配置模型,结合罐区事故类型,实现了罐区重大事故应急资源的优化配置。平台还提供数字化预案和三维应急演练,为油罐区员工提高应急安全技能提供了培训环境。     

新管幕法下穿铁路既有线施工地表沉降监测

为避免新管幕法下穿铁路既有线施工所导致的轨面不平、列车晃车等铁路运营事故,以太原市迎泽大街下穿火车站通道工程为施工背景,考虑火车站内强电磁干扰环境对传统电磁、电容式传感器的影响,选用合适的光纤光栅传感器对地表沉降进行监测,设计了监测方案并搭建了监测系统,获得了施工引起的地表沉降数据,并用数值模拟方法研究了土体沉降,获得了地表横向距离沉降规律,对比论证了该监测技术的正确性和有效性。监测和计算结果表明,新管幕法施工引起的地表沉降呈漏斗状,中间大两头小,监测断面的最大沉降值为21.2 mm,在施工安全范围内。     

内蒙古农业灌区夏、秋浇的氮磷流失变化

通过对内蒙古农业灌区引黄灌溉的2次主要大规模灌溉（夏浇、秋浇）的跟踪监测,研究了农业灌区的氮磷流失情况.分析了2次灌溉期的各引水渠和排水渠中总氮（TN）、氨氮（NH4＋-N）、硝氮（NO3--N）、总磷（TP）、溶解性无机磷（DIP）、溶解性有机磷（DOP）、颗粒磷（PP）的变化情况.研究表明：夏浇时,由于植物吸收、灌水量小等因素,基本不产生污染.而秋浇期间,由于灌水量大、土地裸露成为非点源污染产生的主要时期.在对第8排域的TN、TP的连续监测中发现,排干沟中的总氮总磷含量基本维持在4.16mg.L^-1和0.1725mg.L^-1,且氮为主要的污染控制因子;排干沟中的N/P为24,排入乌梁素海中极易引起水华发生.结合河套农业灌区的自然条件、耕作方式等因素,综合分析了河套灌区在夏浇及秋浇时期的非点源污染产生过程及污染特点.为该地区非点源污染管理和控制提供科学依据.     

滇西北农村生活能源使用现状及生物质能源开发利用研究——以兰坪县和香格里拉县为例

少数民族地区农村能源建设是中国能源可持续发展的一个特殊领域,是资源节约型社会和社会主义新农村建设的重要内容。论文以滇西北的兰坪县和香格里拉县的能源使用情况作为研究对象,通过实地调查,分析了在经济仍处于贫困状态的少数民族聚居的西南山区生活能源利用的特点:兰坪县和香格里拉薪柴的使用分别达85%和98%,而以太阳能、沼气、水能为代表的可再生能源的使用仅有7.0%和1.8%,由此产生了一系列的环境问题。论文对促进现代生物质能源的开发利用提出建议:制定农村能源资源开发利用规划,健全能源政策体系,争取国际经济和技术支持等。     

大气污染对石灰质文物的风化影响及防护新材料

综述了大气污染对石灰质文物风化影响的研究进展,涉及大气中气体污染物、大气中酸性降水、大气中的气溶胶。文章介绍了目前开发的防护新材料,主要包括有机氟聚合物材料、纳米材料和仿生材料,并指出开发未来新型防护材料的方向是寻找安全生物钙化菌和开发与石灰质文物相匹配的新型保护材料。     

城市高污染燃料禁燃区规划方法及案例研究

在总结高污染燃料禁燃区实际规划过程中的经验、参考已有的大气污染控制规划方法的基础上,针对目前高污染燃料禁燃区规划实践中的不足,将情景分析法、模型分析法以及地理信息系统技术(GIS)应用于规划中,提出并发展了一套解决城市或地区高污染燃料禁燃区规划的整体技术方案,并通过该方法体系在珠海市高污染燃料禁燃区规划中的实际案例分析,显示了该方法的可行性与可操作性,为全国其他城市的高污染燃料禁燃区的合理规划提供了一个实例和参考。     

再生塑料粉煤灰复合材料井盖

将废塑料、粉煤灰、农作物秸杆等固体废弃物通过自主创新技术成功地制备了市政工程制品：井盖、井箅等。具有抗压、抗冲击性能优良;成本低;环境友好;美观;安全等特性。