钻井废水的生物强化处理简

从受钻井废水污染的土壤样品中筛选菌株进行生物处理实验,确定7株菌进行菌剂配伍。通过正交实验剔除可能有抑制作用的菌株,并确定菌剂各组成菌株的最佳配比,制成复合微生物菌剂。考察5种添加物对菌剂的影响,结果显示,当硫酸铵的添加量为20 mg/L时降解率为60%,高于其他添加物。生物强化实验结果显示,投加菌剂的反应器对钻井废水的平均降解率为42%,比未投加菌剂的对照实验的平均降解率（16%）高,而且耐冲击负荷性和降解性能稳定性优于对照实验。     

一种包埋微生物复合填料的制备及性能评价简

采用包埋法制备出一种复合生物填料,测其各项理化性质,并以NO_x模拟废气验证其脱硝性能。填料主要由碳酸钙、牛粪堆肥腐殖质、菌剂载体、水泥、轻质珍珠岩、立体网状纤维及脱硝功能微生物等复合而成,粒径12 mm×20 mm,自然堆积密度（471±0.8）kg/m³,持水量（49±1.3）%,比表面积3.91 m²/g,平均机械强度（427.3±0.2）N,pH为10.5±0.2。填料能长期在潮湿环境中保持良好的粘结强度,并具有营养缓释及pH缓冲能力。包埋脱硝功能微生物复合填料中初期微生物数量5.3 ×10⁵ CFU/g,运行60 d后微生物数量达到8.6×10⁸ CFU/g,闲置停运30 d微生物有所减少,但重启后净化效率基本不变。当进气负荷低于1 878 mg/（m³·h）,气体停留时间为14.47 s时,BF₁的去除率高达93.15%。     

活性污泥吸附重金属的研究进展

主要从活性污泥对不同重金属(Mn+)的吸附效果、吸附机制、影响吸附的因素,以及Mn+对活性污泥中微生物的影响等四个方面,综述了国内外有关活性污泥吸附Mn+的研究成果.     

盐城市空气微生物调查与评价

为了解盐城市空气微生物污染状况,于2009—2013年在盐城市布设了4个城市主要功能区点位和1个市郊清洁参照点,采用自然沉降法采集空气中细菌和马丁霉菌样品进行分析。结果表明,盐城市空气中细菌数量最多的为交通区,其次依次为文教区、工业区、居民区,清洁参照点最少;马丁霉菌数量最多的是交通区,其次依次为工业区、居民区、文教区,清洁参照点最少。盐城市空气微生物污染级别除交通区外,其他功能区均处于较清洁或轻微污染,污染程度呈逐年波动下降趋势。     

PCR-DGGE技术解析A~2/O工艺好氧单元中微生物群落结构

应用PCR-DGGE方法,追踪了汉沽工业废水处理中好氧工艺的活性污泥系统中微生物群落结构动态变化过程及其微生物群落结构组成。研究结果表明：系统中的微生物群落结构随水质变化而变化,随着培养时间的延长,微生物群落结构趋于稳定,分别属于5大类群,与γ、δ、α、ε变形杆菌（Proteobacterias）、芽孢杆菌（Bacilli）的亲缘关系较近。其中γ变形杆菌是该废水处理过程中的主要菌群,包括Pseudomonas sp.、Rheinheimera sp.、Citrobacter sp.、Klebsiella sp.、Enterbacte-riaceae、Stenotrophomonas maltophilia、Acinetobacter。在整个系统中uncultured Pseudomonas sp.、Halobacillus sp.、Pseudomonassp.、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Acinetobacter sp.可稳定存在于系统中,为该污水处理系统中的优势微生物。因此,提高Halobacillussp.、Pseudomonas sp.、Pseudomonas stutzeri、Acinetobacter sp.菌属在系统中的数量和质量,有利于提高废水生化处理的效果。     

Biodegradation of keratin waste: Theory and practical aspects

Keratin-rich by-products, i.e. bristles, horns and hooves, chicken feathers and similar, are a source of nutrients for animals (amino acids) and plants (N, S). Contemporary developments in the management of keratin waste in feeds and fertilizers comply with human and animal health protection regulations and respect the principles of ecological development. Biotechnological methods employing keratinolytic bacteria and microscopic fungi play a key role in processing keratin waste.This study reviews the current knowledge on the ecology and physiology of keratinolytic microorganisms and presents the biodegradation mechanism of native keratin. The structure and chemical composition of keratin proteins are described, and methods of keratin waste biotransformation into products of practical industrial and natural value, especially composts, are discussed.     

北运河京津冀段河道浮游微生物群落多样性变化分析

再生水在缓解城市水资源短缺方面发挥重要作用,但再生水中痕量污染物质与病原体对受纳水体中浮游微生物群落产生影响.基于OTUs和门水平的片段数量和片段丰度的浮游微生物数据矩阵探究北运河京津冀河道微生物群落多样性空间变化机制,结果表明,再生水的频繁汇入引起的物理和化学扰动改变了水体的水文和水质,使浮游微生物群落沿地理尺度分为...     

Methods Currently Used in Testing Microbiological Degradation and Deterioration of a Wide Range of Polymeric Materials with Various Degree of Degradability: A Review

Biodegradation of polymeric materials affect a wide range of industries, information on degradability can provide fundamental information facilitating design and life-time analysis of materials. Among the methods currently used in testing, traditional gravimetric and respirometric techniques are tailored to readily degradable polymeric materials mostly and polymer blends with biodegradable components, but they are not applicable to the new generation of engineering polymers which are relatively resistant to biodegradation. However, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been tested for monitoring biodeterioration of high strength materials and the technique has very high sensitivity. A wide range of materials including electronic insulation polyimides, fiber-reinforced polymeric composites (FRPCs) and corrosion protective polyurethane coatings have been successfully measured under inoculation of degradative microorganisms using EIS. In addition, the mechanism of degradation of high strength polymers is mainly due to the presence of plasticizers in the polymer matrices. The information on various methods discussed in this review is intended to illustrate a suite of methods for those who are interested in testing biodeterioration of polymeric materials under different environmental conditions and in selecting appropriate techniques for specific applications.     

生物脱氮除磷工艺中的微生物及其相互关系

本文着重对近年来脱氮除磷微生物学方面的研究进展进行了综述 ,分析了生物脱氮除磷反应器中各类功能微生物间的相互作用关系 ,营养物代谢机理和对处理效率的贡献 ,讨论了脱氮除磷生物学应深入研究的一些问题。     

论活性污泥微生物指示作用

为研究石化污水处理场生化处理过程中微生物相的特性与曝气池运行状态、处理效果之间的关系,选用锦西石化分公司污水处理场合建式完全混合曝气池为研究对象,以其活性污泥做样品直接进行镜检。通过观察丝状菌、游离细菌、钟虫、变形虫、鞭毛虫生长繁殖变化,分析各种微生物对应水质条件,得出活性污泥微生物对合建式曝气池运行状态和水质的指示规律。