Low-temperature plasma induced phosphate groups onto coffee residue-derived porous carbon for efficient U(VI) extraction

For the continuous utilization of nuclear energy and efficient control of radioactive pollution, low-cost materials with high efficient U(VI) removal are of great importance. In this study, low temperature plasma method was applied for the successful modification of O-phosphorylethanolamine (O-PEA) on the porous carbon materials. The produced materials (Cafe/O-PEA) could adsorb U(VI) efficiently with the maximum sorption capacity of 648.54 mg/g at 1 hr, T=298 K, and pH=6.0, much higher than those of most carbon-based composites. U(VI) sorption was mainly controlled by strong surface complexation. From FTIR, SEM-EDS and XPS analyses, the sorption of U(VI) was related to the complexation with -NH₂, phosphate and -OH groups on Cafe/O-PEA. The low temperature plasma method was an efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost method for surface modification of materials for the effective enrichment of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.     

活性炭吸附和脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气

根据滑动弧放电等离子体适于降解高浓度有机物废气的特性,结合活性炭吸附法,提出了吸附器的吸附浓缩和热脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气技术。实际运行结果表明:对于处理低浓度、大风量的有机废气,该技术与其他技术相比具有净化效率高、二次污染小和节省能耗等优点。     

The boll weevil‐cotton plant complex

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman was introduced from Mexico into the United States about 1892. More than three‐fourths of all insect losses to cotton in this country have been attributed to this insect, and it is generally agreed that cotton cannot be profitably grown in areas where it occurs without adequate control measures. This review summarizes the chemically oriented research conducted on this plant‐insect complex during the past seventy years with emphasis on the program conducted since 1962 at the Boll Weevil Research Laboratory.

Of plant‐insect relationships, host plant resistance, feeding stimulants, plant attractants, and plant constituents are discussed. Insect‐insect relationships treated include insecticides, chemosterilants and hormones, sex attractants, and insect constituents. The development of an integrated program for the attempted eradication of this insect is also discussed.     

Cadmium and chromium in human lung tissue in relation to smoking and lung cancer

The pulmonary Cd and Cr content was determined from 53 lung cancer patients operated for cancer and from 39 patients who died of non‐malignant diseases. The results were correlated with smoking habits, pulmonary emphysema and occupational history. Both the pulmonary Cd and Cr increased with the amount of smoking. In ex‐smokers the Cr content in lung tissue did not diminish with the time since stopping smoking, but the Cd did follow the half‐life of about 9 years. The pulmonary Cd, compared with smoking habits, behaved similarly in both the lung cancer and control patients, whereas Cr in the lung cancer patients could not be explained solely by smoking, but some of the cancer patients may have been occupationally exposed to Cr. Speciation was not studied.     

热等离子体垃圾处理技术节能增效方法的探讨

热等离子体技术近年来受到了越来越多的关注。但是,经济性不佳已经成为阻碍热等离子体垃圾处理技术发展的主要障碍。为了解决这个问题,提出了回收废热预热垃圾、提升终产物附加值以及增加可燃物含量3个途径来提高热等离子体技术的经济性,并对上述建议可能产生的经济效果进行了分析和评估。结论认为,只要采取合理的技术措施,完全可以有效地降低热等离子体垃圾处理技术的运行费用,并促进该技术在未来实现更多的商业化应用。     

Remediation of soil heavily polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls using a low-temperature plasma technique

Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were removed by low-temperature plasma technique （dielectric barrier discharge） from heavily polluted soil and their intermediate products were analyzed. The removal rate ranged from 40.1 to 84.6% by different treatments, and they were also influenced significantly （P 〈 0.01） by soil particle-size, electric power, gas flow rate and reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions of PCB removal from the soil were obtained experimentally when soil particle-size, electrical power, flow rate and reaction time were 5-10mm, 21w, 120mL. rain and 90rain, respectively. However, decreasing electrical power, flow rate and reaction time to 18 w, 60 mL. min- and 60 min respectively were also acceptable in view of the cost of remediation. This technique was characterized by the additional advantage of thorough oxidation of PCBs in the soil, with no formation of intermediate products after reaction. The technique therefore shows some promise for application in the remediation of soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants in brown field sites in urban areas.     

低温等离子体结合锰基催化剂去除乙酸乙酯的研究

利用固态法和溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了钙钛矿（LaMnO₃）和八面体分子筛（OMS）两种锰基催化剂,在不同工况（输入电压、初始浓度、停留时间和催化剂放置量）条件下考察了等离子体催化对乙酸乙酯的降解特性.结果发现,锰基催化剂的加入显著提高了乙酸乙酯的去除率,减少了副产物的生成,并且OMS的催化活性高于LaMnO₃;此外,乙酸乙酯去除率随着电压的升高而增加,随着污染物初始浓度的增大而减少,并随停留时间的增长而变大;催化剂放置量为0.2 g时催化效果最佳.OMS催化剂在等离子体催化长期运行过程中表现出较好的稳定性.基于X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、比表面积测试（BET）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段对锰基催化剂物理化学性质的分析表明,OMS具有较高的催化活性主要归功于其拥有更高比例的Mn⁴⁺/（Mn³⁺+Mn⁴⁺）和吸附氧（O_ads）/晶格氧（O_latt）.     

Treatment of electronic waste to recover metal values using thermal plasma coupled with acid leaching--a response surface modeling approach

The global crisis of the hazardous electronic waste (E-waste) is on the rise due to increasing usage and disposal of electronic devices. A process was developed to treat E-waste in an environmentally benign process. The process consisted of thermal plasma treatment followed by recovery of metal values through mineral acid leaching. In the thermal process, the E-waste was melted to recover the metal values as a metallic mixture. The metallic mixture was subjected to acid leaching in presence of depolarizer. The leached liquor mainly contained copper as the other elements like Al and Fe were mostly in alloy form as per the XRD and phase diagram studies. Response surface model was used to optimize the conditions for leaching. More than 90% leaching efficiency at room temperature was observed for Cu, Ni and Co with HCl as the solvent, whereas Fe and Al showed less than 40% efficiency.