热等离子体垃圾处理技术节能增效方法的探讨

热等离子体技术近年来受到了越来越多的关注。但是,经济性不佳已经成为阻碍热等离子体垃圾处理技术发展的主要障碍。为了解决这个问题,提出了回收废热预热垃圾、提升终产物附加值以及增加可燃物含量3个途径来提高热等离子体技术的经济性,并对上述建议可能产生的经济效果进行了分析和评估。结论认为,只要采取合理的技术措施,完全可以有效地降低热等离子体垃圾处理技术的运行费用,并促进该技术在未来实现更多的商业化应用。     

Remediation of soil heavily polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls using a low-temperature plasma technique

Polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） were removed by low-temperature plasma technique （dielectric barrier discharge） from heavily polluted soil and their intermediate products were analyzed. The removal rate ranged from 40.1 to 84.6% by different treatments, and they were also influenced significantly （P 〈 0.01） by soil particle-size, electric power, gas flow rate and reaction time. The optimal reaction conditions of PCB removal from the soil were obtained experimentally when soil particle-size, electrical power, flow rate and reaction time were 5-10mm, 21w, 120mL. rain and 90rain, respectively. However, decreasing electrical power, flow rate and reaction time to 18 w, 60 mL. min- and 60 min respectively were also acceptable in view of the cost of remediation. This technique was characterized by the additional advantage of thorough oxidation of PCBs in the soil, with no formation of intermediate products after reaction. The technique therefore shows some promise for application in the remediation of soils contaminated with persistent organic pollutants in brown field sites in urban areas.     

低温等离子体结合锰基催化剂去除乙酸乙酯的研究

利用固态法和溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了钙钛矿（LaMnO₃）和八面体分子筛（OMS）两种锰基催化剂,在不同工况（输入电压、初始浓度、停留时间和催化剂放置量）条件下考察了等离子体催化对乙酸乙酯的降解特性.结果发现,锰基催化剂的加入显著提高了乙酸乙酯的去除率,减少了副产物的生成,并且OMS的催化活性高于LaMnO₃;此外,乙酸乙酯去除率随着电压的升高而增加,随着污染物初始浓度的增大而减少,并随停留时间的增长而变大;催化剂放置量为0.2 g时催化效果最佳.OMS催化剂在等离子体催化长期运行过程中表现出较好的稳定性.基于X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、比表面积测试（BET）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等手段对锰基催化剂物理化学性质的分析表明,OMS具有较高的催化活性主要归功于其拥有更高比例的Mn⁴⁺/（Mn³⁺+Mn⁴⁺）和吸附氧（O_ads）/晶格氧（O_latt）.     

Treatment of electronic waste to recover metal values using thermal plasma coupled with acid leaching--a response surface modeling approach

The global crisis of the hazardous electronic waste (E-waste) is on the rise due to increasing usage and disposal of electronic devices. A process was developed to treat E-waste in an environmentally benign process. The process consisted of thermal plasma treatment followed by recovery of metal values through mineral acid leaching. In the thermal process, the E-waste was melted to recover the metal values as a metallic mixture. The metallic mixture was subjected to acid leaching in presence of depolarizer. The leached liquor mainly contained copper as the other elements like Al and Fe were mostly in alloy form as per the XRD and phase diagram studies. Response surface model was used to optimize the conditions for leaching. More than 90% leaching efficiency at room temperature was observed for Cu, Ni and Co with HCl as the solvent, whereas Fe and Al showed less than 40% efficiency.     

ATOMI射频氦等离子体原子发射光谱用于毛细管气相色谱检测(英文)

1　IntroductionInmodernanalyticalchemistry ,chromatographyandemissionspectroscopyandtheircombinedusearebecominganincreasinglyimportanttechniqueforthemeasurementofenvironmentalpollu tants.AtomicemissiondetectorusedinGCcanprovidehighlysensitiveandselectiver…     

脉冲电晕法去除二甲苯废气的研究

对脉冲电晕等离子体技术净化有机污染物二甲苯进行了实验研究，考察了脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、气体流量、气体入口质量浓度等因素对净化效率的影响。结果表明：二甲苯去除率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率的增大而升高，随气体流量、气体进口质量浓度的增大而降低。该方法对低浓度、大流量的二甲苯废气能达到较好的去除效果，最高去除率可达87．4％。     

江西地域煤炭中重金属元素分布研究

通过微波消解、电感耦合等离子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)分析了江西区域各煤矿煤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种金属元素的含量,该7种金属元素在0～5ppm的浓度区间具有良好的线性关系,其相关系数r≥0.9997;回收率为92.55%～114.27%,实验数据真实可靠,结果表明:江西地域煤炭中重金属含量分布较广,各地域煤炭中各金属元素的分布与当地环境有关。     

HPLC分离-氢化物发生-动态反应池-ICP/MS联用分析废水中砷形态

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分离水中不同的砷物种,将串联进入氢化物发生(HG)-动态反应池（DRC）-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HPLC-HG-ICP-DRC-MS)系统进行检测,由此建立了废水中砷形态的分析方法,并探讨了最佳测试条件,最后对宁波部分地区废水中砷形态分布规律进行了初步探讨.结果表明,以0.04 mol·L-1L半胱氨酸(L-cys)、0.132 mol·L-1NaBH4和体积分数2%的HCl作为氢化物发生器载液,以H2作为DRC-ICP-MS反应气,控制流速为1.5mL·min-1时,4种As物种都有最佳的氢化物发生效率,且其它金属离子对分析干扰可忽略不计,求得As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、单甲基砷（MMA）、双甲基砷（DMA）的检测下限（3倍噪音）分别为0.003、0.001、0.002、0.004 μg·L-1.此系统可成功测定废水中砷的形态.     

Performance tests of newly developed adsorption/plasma combined system for decomposition of volatile organic compounds under continuous flow condition

The adsorption/plasma decomposition with the combination of adsorption honeycomb-sheets and a plasma element is a new technology for small-sized apparatuses to decompose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at concentrations lower than about 100 ppm. The feasibility of the prototype adsorption/plasma decomposition apparatus was evaluated with the simulated exhausts containing one VOC component and with real exhausts from a painting booth and an adhesion factory. The apparatus decomposed VOCs e ectively at the painting booth exhaust but not always satisfactorily at the adhesion factory exhaust. The performance test results with real exhausts were discussed with respect to the concentration and discharge pattern of the exhausts and the basic properties of the system such as cooperation of adsorption and plasma reaction and the concentration dependence of the performance.     

动态反应池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大气降水中的钠、镁、钾、钙离子研究

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定大气降水中的钠、镁、钾、钙离子,通过优化质谱仪工作参数和动态反应池参数等方式,提高检测方法灵敏度,降低质谱干扰,以获得更低的背景等值浓度与检出限,通过国家标准样品的分析与实际样品加标回收试验,证实了方法的线性、精密度、准确度等均符合测定要求,对比原子吸收光度法、离子色谱法具有多元素同时分析,速度快,空白低,干扰小,操作简单等优点,适合大批样品的分析.