低温等离子体催化降解烟气中甲苯的研究

本研究开发了等离子体微放电填充床反应器和等离子体微放电填充床反应系统,采用多孔陶瓷作为填充床材料,用控制变量法探索了停留时间、放电电压、催化剂负载量、初始浓度、能量密度等因素对反应系统的甲苯去除能力的影响.结果发现,上述因素的最优组合参数为:1.1s、9.5kV、负载量为15%,物质的量比为0.25的Co/Mn催化剂、189.52mg/m³、6000J/L.同时,对多孔陶瓷填充床进行了SEM和XRD等表征研究,研究表明, Mn催化剂包括Mn₂O₃和Mn₃O₄晶体;Co/Mn催化剂包括CoMnO₃和Mn O₂晶体;Fe/Mn催化剂包括FeMnO₃、Fe₂O₃和Mn₂O₃晶体,并且Mn催化剂比Co/Mn催化剂和Fe/Mn催化剂的晶体颗粒更加均匀.     

Effluents from MBT plants: Plasma techniques for the treatment of VOCs

Mechanical–biological treatments (MBTs) of urban waste are growing in popularity in many European countries. Recent studies pointed out that their contribution in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other air pollutants is not negligible. Compared to classical removal technologies, non-thermal plasmas (NTP) showed better performances and low energy consumption when applied to treat lowly concentrated streams. Therefore, to study the feasibility of the application of NTP to MBTs, a Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactor was applied to treat a mixture of air and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), to simulate emissions from MBTs. The removal efficiency of MEK was linearly dependent upon time, power and specific input energy. Only 2–4% of MEK was converted to carbon dioxide (CO₂), the remaining carbon being involved in the formation of byproducts (methyl nitrate and 2,3-butanedione, especially). For future development of pilot-scale reactors, acting on residence time, power, convective flow and catalysts will help finding a compromise between energy consumption, desired abatement and selectivity to CO₂.     

低温等离子体-生物耦合系统对复合CVOCs的降解

采用低温等离子体-生物耦合系统降解氯苯和二氯乙烷混合气体,考察频率为10 000 Hz,能量密度(specific input energy,SIE)为6 111 J·L-1时进气浓度和气体流速对目标污染物降解的影响,并通过对产物与SIE之间关系以及生物滴滤塔中生物量和生物多样性的分析,更进一步揭示等离子-生物耦合系统的优势.结果表明,当SIE和气体流速一定时,增加初始浓度会降低混合气体的去除率;从经济效益考虑,气体流速宜采用0.71 L·min~(-1).经产物分析发现,在二氯乙烷和氯苯的浓度均为500 mg·m-3,气体流速为0.71 L·min~(-1)的条件下,二氧化碳的生成量以及选择性均随着SIE的增大而增大;在同样的条件下氯离子浓度随着SIE的增加而逐渐变大;生物滴滤塔中蛋白质含量随着反应器运行逐渐增加最后趋于稳定,下层的生物量高于上层;通过高通量测序分析,结果显示生物滴滤塔中的生物保有丰富的群落及物种多样性的特点.     

等离子体技术在材料领域中的应用研究进展

详述了等离子体在材料领域的应用研究进展,在材料表面处理方面可实现材料的表面粗糙化、表面清洁、表面化学基团引入和表面亲水性调变等,在催化材料制备方面可用于催化剂的还原、氧化、掺杂、刻蚀以及特殊化合物的合成等。还分析了等离子体技术在材料制备领域具备诸多优势,但仍然面临一些挑战,如等离子体处理具有时效性、处理量小、等离子体发生作用机制不清晰、工程放大困难等。因此,需要从等离子体反应机理及工程技术两个层面进行更深入研究,以期该技术在材料领域获得更广泛的应用。     

大气等离子喷涂SrZrO3热障涂层工艺与性能的研究

目的探究大气等离子喷涂制备Sr ZrO_3涂层的融化状态最好、沉积效率最高的最优工艺,研究SrZrO_3热障涂层的热物理性能及其热循环寿命。方法采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备SrZrO_3热障涂层,通过设计田口实验研究不同的喷涂工艺对粉末融化状况和沉积效率的影响,采用扫描电镜观察涂层融化状况等。采用优化后的工艺制备厚涂层,使用高温热膨胀仪和激光导热仪测试涂层的热膨胀系数、抗烧结性能以及热扩散系数。结果当喷涂距离为90 mm时,SrZrO_3涂层沉积效率最高,最大单遍喷涂厚度达到15.3μm;当喷涂距离为100 mm时,涂层的熔化状态最好。制备态SrZrO_3涂层中出现第二相t-Zr O_2,1600℃热处理条件下,随着热处理时间的延长,t-Zr O_2逐渐消失,热处理360 h后,m-ZrO_2的质量分数逐渐增加至27%。SrZrO_3涂层热膨胀系数为(8～10)×10~(-6) K~(-1)(200～1400℃),随着热处理时间的延长,涂层的热膨胀系数逐渐降低。SrZrO_3涂层的热导率随着热处理时间的延长先增加后减小,热处理360h后SrZrO_3涂层的热导率为1.82W/(m·K)(1000℃)。SrZrO_3/YSZ双层涂层炉内循环548次后,涂层整体脱落。结论 SrZrO_3涂层最优喷涂工艺为电流550 A、氩气流量40 L/min、氢气流量10 L/min、喷涂距离100 mm、功率35.8 kW。随着热处理时间的延长,涂层中的第二相m-ZrO_2能够降低涂层的热膨胀系数和热导率。SrZrO_3/YSZ双层涂层的循环次数远高于SrZrO_3单层涂层。     

流向变换等离子体催化系统去除甲苯

将低温等离子体、催化和流向变换技术相结合,以反应系统参数（接地极方式、反应管壁厚）和电源参数（电压、频率）为影响因素,探究了上述因素对系统温度升高（△T）、放电能量密度（SED）和能量效率（EE）的影响,考察了不同条件对甲苯的去除效果（η）和反应产物的影响.结果表明：流向变换低温等离子体协同催化系统中,甲苯去除效果最好,能量利用率最高,为3.76g/（kW·h）.连续升压时,3种接地条件下的温度升高△T差距不明显;铝箔接地时,O₃浓度最高、甲苯去除率η、SED和EE最高;增加反应管壁厚,系统△T、η、SED和EE减小.3种技术结合时,NO₂生成浓度低、有机副产物生成种类较少,CO₂选择性高,甲苯矿化率最高.固定频率,改变电压时,△T、η、SED与电压值呈正比,EE则相反,铝箔接地时,17kV时△T达到110.7℃,η达到74.05%;副产物O₃浓度先上升后下降,最终趋于0mg/m³;固定电压,改变频率时,变化规律一致.     

低温等离子体技术净化室内VOCs的研究进展

低温等离子体技术作为一种新型室内净化技术,能够有效降解室内挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。本文首先简要介绍了室内VOCs的主要来源和对人体的危害,以及传统治理技术的不足,详细分析了低温等离子体净化VOCs的优势和机理,并对低温等离子净化VOCs存在的问题以及研究现状做了引证阐述,最后提出了有待解决的难题。     

Validation of a HRGC–ECNI/LRMS method to monitor short-chain chlorinated paraffins in human plasma

Short-chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs) are produced in high volume and have the high potential to pose a threat to human health. However, little information is available for SCCP contamination in human blood/plasma/serum, mainly due to the difficulty of sample preparation and quantitative analysis. A method using high resolution gas chromatography coupled with electron capture negative ionization low resolution mass spectrometry(HRGC–ECNI/LRMS) was developed and validated to measure SCCPs in human plasma. The pretreatment process included protein denaturation and lipid elimination, liquid–liquid extraction with a mixture of n-hexane/dichloromethane(1:1, V/V), and cleanup on a multilayer silica column. The blank controls, including procedural blank, vacuum blood collection tube blank, and instrumental blank, were the most pivotal points for the reliable analysis of SCCPs. The average value of procedural blanks was 9.0 ng/g; and the method detection limit(MDL), calculated as the sum of the average procedural blank value and 3 times of the standard deviation of the procedural blanks, was 12.6 ng/g plasma. The validated method was applied to measure the concentrations of the total SCCPs(∑ SCCPs) in50 plasma samples from a general population. The measured plasma concentrations of ∑SCCPs ranged from MDL to 203 ng/g wet weight(ww), with an average value of 32.0 ng/g ww.The relative abundance profiles of SCCPs in plasma samples were dominated by C10- and C11-CP congener groups centered on Cl6–7. The developed method can be used for the comprehensive and large-scale investigation of SCCP levels in human plasma.     

射频氦等离子体原子发射光谱用于毛细管气相色谱检测

1　IntroductionInmodernanalyticalchemistry ,chromatographyandemissionspectroscopyandtheircombinedusearebecominganincreasinglyimportanttechniqueforthemeasurementofenvironmentalpollu tants.AtomicemissiondetectorusedinGCcanprovidehighlysensitiveandselectiveresponsewithwidedynamicrangeforvariouselementsinelutingcompounds[1—4 ].Itcanalsoprovidespectrumofelementssimultaneously ,sotheycouldbeusedforempiricalformuladetermination .Wehavedevelopedanatomicemissiondetectorusingradiofrequencydischargepla…