强化浅基质层干植草沟对道路径流的脱氮效果

搭建6个不同结构和介质组成的浅基质层干植草沟模拟柱,在基质层添加较多发酵木屑,利用进水期的脱氮作用,并设置饱水层提高设施落干期脱氮能力,从而强化设施全周期脱氮效果.以半人工道路径流作为进水,考察各模拟柱运行效果,并结合分层取样水质检测结果和模拟柱内体积含水率、ORP的变化过程,分析氮素在不同模拟柱内的去除机制.结果表明:在运行参数相对实际应用环境更为不利的条件下,设置饱水层的模拟柱的TN去除率在67%～78%; TN去除过程主要发生在进水期,且在含较多发酵木屑的基质层即被大量去除;设置饱水层不仅可提高落干期设施脱氮能力,还可保证较浅的基质层在进水期快速达到适宜反硝化的缺氧条件,从而保证进水期设施的脱氮效果;设置持水性过渡层并在其中放置有机质可以有效平衡饱水层碳源补给并控制有机质淋失的问题.     

康滇地轴东缘岩石与铅锌矿石稀土元素地球化学研究

本文系统地研究了康滇地轴东缘不同时代岩石及不同含矿层位铅锌矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征 ,并加以对比。认为本区地壳演化的不均一性及多期构造岩浆活动反映在不同时代岩石其稀土元素地球化学特征也不相同 ,继承性差。本区矿石的稀土元素分布模式不同于以前报道过的呈W型 ,而是一种新的稀土元素分布模式。不同含矿层位铅锌矿石稀土元素分布模式及其参数类似 ,与岩石差异明显 ,说明主要成矿物质不来自基底及盖层岩石 ,而来自深部 (上地幔 ) ,并且是在同一个成矿期形成的。     

Sustainable Development: The Need for a New Paradigm

At present, the term sustainable development is misleading because we actually live in a markedly unsustainable world and conditions will become even more unsustainable in the 21st century. Indeed, the 21st century will be the defining period in man's occupation of this planet. Either we take very positive steps to ameliorate our environmental excesses now or we face the prospect of major environmental catastrophes in the future. It is a fact that advanced civilizations have collapsed twice within the last 5000 years in Europe and we must face up to the fact that a third collapse, this time on a global scale, is not beyond the realms of possibility. It is therefore up to us to begin using our considerable ingenuity to prepare for the future in a more rational manner than is presently the case. This article demonstrates clearly the dilemma that we now face.     

污泥压滤脱水条件的优化研究

采用压滤试验,研究了强压条件下剩余污泥的脱水性能及影响因素,确定了污泥压滤脱水的最佳操作条件。结果表明,随着压力的增加、压滤时间的延长和絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量的增加,所得净滤液量均明显增大。综合考虑脱水效果和经济因素,最佳压滤脱水的条件为:压力0.6MPa,压滤时间30min,聚丙烯酰胺的投加量2.5kg/t干泥。     

公路工程施工期的环境保护监理

对于生态影响较大的项目,重点发生在施工建设期,为了有效地控制工程施工阶段的生态环境影响和环境污染,开展公路工程施工期的环境保护监理工作尤其重要。本文结合工程环境监理工作实践,简要分析了公路工程施工期的环境保护监理要点。     

Technical and economical assessment of a multipurpose electric vehicle for farmers

The RAMseS project, under the European Commission's 6th Framework Program, is dedicated to the construction and test of low-power operations based on photovoltaic power and a multipurpose electric vehicle. In the present study, the life-cycle costs and economical indices for the vehicle during its life span were assessed, compared to those of a standard internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV). The results indicated that the life-cycle costs for the RAMseS vehicle and the ICEV are the same for a fuel unit price of 1.8 €/L. Also, the levelized cost of energy (LCE) for the RAMseS vehicle, was found to be 2.13 €/kWh, while RAMseS LCE, without EV taken into account, was shown to be 0.62 €/kWh. The RAMseS payback period (PBP) without EV taken into account was calculated to be 9 years if the value of the produced energy becomes at least 0.35 €/kWh. Vehicles that use PV systems as their power source, such as RAMseS, will be economically effective for fuel costs higher than 1.8 €/L, but considering the environmental benefits that are provided in terms of external costs, they can be considered profitable even at lower fuel costs.     

自然崩落法顶板稳定性监测分析与预警研究*

为有效预警自然崩落法开采过程中顶板大面积崩落,确定顶板失稳预警期,基于微震、时域反射、钻孔电视等综合监测数据,研究岩体失稳过程点监测数据及微震活动性参数变化特征。结果表明:基于多源参数可有效预警顶板失稳事件,但点监测无法兼顾整个采区顶板,大尺度区域性监测主要依靠微震监测系统;根据顶板失稳事件前后b值、累积视体积、能量指数、施密特数等微震活动性参数变化特征,确定普朗铜矿顶板失稳预警期为24 d。研究结果可为后续整个采区其他区域顶板稳定性监测预警工作提供借鉴。     

陕西2012年极端天气气候事件与气象灾害

利用极端天气气候事件监测系统监测结果,分析了陕西1981-2012年极端天气气候事件出现次数和强度,发现2012年陕西极端天气气候事件次数少于多年平均值,但华阴7月2-4日、佳县7月24-28日极端降水事件强度之大,为历史罕见,佳县27日降水量、26-28日3d降水量均超过百年一遇的水平,造成严重人员伤亡和经济损失.说明即便是在极端天气气候事件出现次数少,气候年景较好的年份,局地也会出现历史罕见的极端事件和灾害.此外,还分析了极端天气气候事件次数与灾情年景评估指数之间的相关性.     

The effects of bisphenol A on sex hormone levels of F0 female rats and F1 male rats during weaning period

The effects of bisphenol A (BPA) were examined on sex hormones of F1 generation male rats during weaning period. Female rats were exposed to BPA from day 0 after pregnancy to the weaning period at doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg kg^?1. The sex hormone levels of F1 generation male rats were determined. This study shows that F0 generation female rats fed with 200 mg kg^?1 BPA had a significantly higher serum prolactin (PRL) levels at the end of weaning. Significantly higher levels of serum estradiol (E₂) were also found in female rats fed 100 or 200 mg kg^?1 BPA. Serum levels of E₂ in F1 male generation rats were higher in treatment groups compared to control groups while serum testosterone (T) levels were lower. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in F1 generation rats fed 200 mg kg^?1 was markedly decreased. The relative testicular weights were significantly less in 100 and 200 mg kg^?1 BPA groups. BPA was found to alter the sex hormone levels in F1 male rats during weaning period and thus disrupted endocrine functions.     

北京市冬季PM2.5中水溶性重金属污染特征

于2011年冬季使用SASS采样器在清华大学采集PM2.5样品,并对其中重金属和水溶性重金属(As?Cd?Cr?Cu?Mn?Pb和Zn等)以及无机离子进行了分析.结果表明,采样期间水溶性重金属浓度较高,As?Cd?Cr?Cu?Mn?Pb和Zn平均浓度依次为8.42,3.18,1.99,7.84,30.82, 49.27,412.81ng/m3.Cd和水溶性As平均浓度超过《环境空气质量标准》中建议浓度限值.水溶性重金属在重污染期间易出现富集,灰霾和采暖期间As?Cd?Cr?Cu?Mn?Pb和Zn平均浓度都有增加趋势.水溶性重金属的逐日变化趋势与重金属和PM2.5有较好的一致性.水溶性重金属在重金属中比重:50%￡Zn和As;20%相似文献