Analysis of gas dispersion and ventilation within a comprehensive CAD model of an offshore platform via computational fluid dynamics

Maintaining an adequate air flow with a desired air quality that is free from hazardous gases is among the most important actions taken toward the improvement of safety in any process plant. Due to the increased focus on the consequences of existing hazardous material on safety, health, and the environment, air quality and sufficient ventilation within a plant has been increasingly considered in the design stage. This paper investigates and analyzes methane and hydrogen sulfite dispersion and the effect of air ventilation within a CAD model of an offshore platform using computation fluids dynamics (CFD). In addition, this method and its principals could be utilized in any other hazardous environment. Simulations of possible hazardous events along with solutions for preventing or reducing their probability are presented to better assess the data. These investigations are performed by considering hypothetical hazardous scenarios which consist of gas leakages from pipes and process equipment under different conditions. After drafting a precise and highly detailed CAD model of the plant and performing CFD simulations on this model, the results of gas behaviors, dispersion, distribution, accumulation, and its possible hazards are investigated and analyzed. The larger amount of details of the actual plant model in CFD simulation are obtained by using a combination of different methods and software. These include PDMS for 3-D drawing of the plan, Rinoceros for geometrical integration of the process equipment and facilities, and Sharc Harpoon which meshes the model. Moreover, the probability of inducing ignitable or toxic concentration of gases within the atmosphere and air ventilation of the unit is considered by these investigations.     

Numerical study on dust movement and dust distribution for hybrid ventilation system in a laneway of coal mine

Coal dust disaster is the most serious problem in a laneway of coal mine. Dust movement regularity for comprehensive mechanized heading face is the key scientific issues for the principle and technology of dust prevention. The special topic on systematic study of the variation regularity of dust movement and dust distribution is presented with hybrid ventilation for the comprehensive mechanized heading face: Euler–Euler method was firstly established on the numerical platform for gas–solid two phase flow in a laneway. And the forces and the dynamic model of dust particles were performed in three-dimensional flow field. Then based on the visible simulations, the movement characteristics of diffusion, sedimentation and accumulation of dust particles were investigated under the action of the complex air flow, and the spatiotemporal variation of dust distribution was studied with hybrid ventilation system. Meanwhile, the obtained dust distribution regularities were compared with the obtainable experimental results. Finally, selected method on different ventilation patterns for dust control was brought out for the heading face according to the gained regularity. The research results is helpful for further understanding of the essence of dust movement with air flow, which could provide more suitable guidance for the principle of dust control and technology of ventilation.     

Numerical simulation of evaporation of volatile liquids

The paper presents the results of the validation of the developed pool evaporation model using literature and our own experimental data. The proposed model was used to examine the effect of wind velocity and pool sizes on the evaporation rate of volatile liquid (hexane). Contrary to the semi-empirical evaporation model widely used in hazard assessment, stronger dependence of evaporation rate on pool size at low wind speeds is obtained.     

重整四合一炉出口集合管盲端腐蚀研究及结构优化

结合某炼油企业重整装置四合一加热炉出口集合管盲板法兰腐蚀现状,分析产生腐蚀的机理,利用Fluent软件模拟分析不同处理量下发生腐蚀的出口集合管盲板结构处的速度失量图、涡量图等,得出了与腐蚀现状相吻合的结论。对盲板结构进行改进,并进行数值模拟分析,得出优化后的结构可以有效避免出口集合管盲板法兰腐蚀的结论。     

封闭空间火焰自熄灭时间数值模拟研究

利用CFD数值模拟研究封闭空间内甲烷燃烧火焰在常重力和微重力两种环境中自熄灭时间的不同,分析火焰自熄灭时间与火源热释放速率、封闭空间体积、重力之间的关系。结果表明:当火源热释放速率一定时,微重力环境中火焰自熄灭时间数倍于常重力环境中的情况。当封闭空间体积一定时,小火源功率在微重力环境中的自熄灭时间远大于常重力环境中的情况。因此,微重力环境中不宜采用窒息灭火法。     

贵阳市环境空气质量预报预警系统建立的探讨

分析了贵阳市空气质量预报中污染物、地形及下垫面、植被等关键影响因素。提出了贵阳市环境空气质量预报预警系统的整体架构,分别对排放源监测与管理系统、环境空气质量预报系统和污染预警与控制决策支持系统等三个核心部分进行阐述,进一步提出了贵阳市大气污染防控措施及防控机制。     

水源区中药材种植氮磷污染特征模拟研究

通过室内土柱模拟降雨实验,在三种降雨强度及两种施肥量作用下,分别测定土壤及土壤溶液中TN、TP及有机质的含量,探讨降雨强度及施肥量对水源区中药材种植氮磷污染物迁移的影响.结果表明,随着降雨强度的增大,TN、TP由土壤表面层次流向深层次的趋势不断增大,氮磷流失量增加;随着氮、磷肥料施加量的增加,土壤及土壤溶液TN、TP都有增加,氮磷流失量随之增大;一次施肥量过高容易造成肥料堆积土壤表层,氮磷流失量明显增大,少量多次施肥能使肥料利用率提高.     

北京市典型绿化灌木阻滞吸附PM2.5能力研究

选取北京市典型绿化灌木物种大叶黄杨、小叶黄杨、紫叶小檗、矮紫杉,结合气室模拟与实地观测的方法,综合测定不同树种对PM2.5的吸附能力.同时,收集2012年12月~2013年5月间北京市区PM2.5浓度值,分析了北京市冬春季PM2.5污染特征.结果表明,由气室实验得到的4种植物对PM2.5阻滞吸附能力排序为:紫叶小檗>小叶黄杨>矮紫衫>大叶黄杨,其原因主要为叶片特征差异所致;室外测量结果表明,4种物种吸附能力排序为:小叶黄杨>紫叶小檗>矮紫衫>大叶黄杨.气室模拟与室外实测结果均表明,小叶黄杨和紫叶小檗具有较强的阻滞吸附PM2.5的能力;气室模拟与室外观测实验中植物阻滞吸附PM2.5能力的大小略有差异,其原因应与植物结构相关.同时,通过分析北京市PM2.5浓度的季节性变化,发现北京市冬季的PM2.5浓度值尤为高,且常绿灌木植物仍能表现出较好的阻滞吸附PM2.5的能力.     

基于细颗粒物来源追踪技术的2013年12月上海市严重污染过程中PM2.5的源贡献分析

近年来高浓度细颗粒物引起的大气灰霾污染已成为制约我国城市和区域可持续发展的重大环境问题之一,科学快速地诊断PM2.5及其关键组分的来源对于缓解当前严峻的污染形势具有极为重要的科学意义和现实意义.2013年12月上旬,我国东部特大型城市上海及其所处的长三角区域出现了历史上罕见的严重污染过程,PM2.5小时浓度一度高达640μg·m-3.本文以分析12月上旬上海市所出现的三次典型重污染过程为案例,利用颗粒物来源追踪技术,对严重污染期间上海市PM2.5及其关键化学组分(硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐、有机碳和元素碳)开展了来源解析研究.结果表明,在上海市人为排放源中,工业锅炉和窑炉、移动源和电站锅炉是对细颗粒物中硝酸盐贡献最大的3类排放源;工业源和移动源是对硫酸盐贡献最大的两类排放源.在灰霾、湿霾和过境这3次污染过程中,上海本地排放对PM2.5的浓度贡献分别是35.3%、44.8%和22.7%;长距离输送分别达到了42.0%、41.1%和59.8%.在长三角模拟区域内,扬尘、工业过程、挥发类源、工业锅炉和窑炉及移动源是最主要的细颗粒贡献源,平均贡献占比分别是25.1%、14.9%、15.8%、13.7%和15.9%.研究表明,2013年12月这类极高的严重污染过程,并非单一城市所致,区域联防联控,特别是重度污染期间的联合减排对于缓解细颗粒物重度污染极为重要.