正己烷萃取—此外分光光度法测定矿井水中微量油

在进行矿井水中油类分析时，用正己烷作为萃取剂，以工作曲线代替标准曲线，从而使油平均回收率增加到96％以上。并在正己烷用量、水样预处理等测试参数选择上做了条件试验。     

Effects of atmospheric mercury pollution on terrestrial ecosystem in Chongqing, China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｅｒｃｕｒｙ(Ｈｇ)ａｓａｇｌｏｂａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｈａｓｃａｕｓｅｄｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆ 1980ｓ.Ｉｔｉｓｅｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｆｒｏｍｂｏｔｈａｎｔｈｒｏｐｏｇｅｎｉｃａｎｄｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ.Ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｉｓｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｆｒｏｍ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｕｓｅｏｆＨｇａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｏｓｓｉｌｆｕｅｌｓ(Ｎｒｉ…     

Cobalt in alluvial Egyptian soils as affected by industrial activities

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｎａｔｕｒｅＣｏｏｃｃｕｒｓｉｎｔｗｏｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｓｔａｔｅｓ ,Ｃｏ2 + ａｎｄＣｏ3+ ,ａｎｄｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘａｎｉｏｎＣｏ(ＯＨ) - 3 ｉｓａｌｓｏｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅ .ＤｕｒｉｎｇｗｅａｔｈｅｒｉｎｇＣｏｉｓｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｍｏｂｉｌｅｉｎｏｘｉｄｉｚｉｎｇａｃｉｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ,ｂｕｔｄｕｅｔｏａｈｉｇｈｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｂｙＦｅａｎｄＭｎｏｘｉｄｅｓ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｂｙｃｌａｙｍｉｎｅｒａｌｓ,ｔｈｉｓｍｅｔａｌｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｍ…     

高效原油降解菌和内循环3-PBFB处理油田采出水的研究

在物理化学处理的基础上添加了生物处理部分，即三相生物流化床（3-PBFB）处理油田采出废水。采取了利用高效原油降解菌及漂浮填料、悬浮填料的强化处理措施，使废水出水含油量达到3.5-4.9mg/L，达到国家一级排放标准。     

萜烷作为溢油指物（或指标）的研究

用毛细管GC-MS对溢油中的萜烷进行分析，结果表明，在一年多的风化过程中，作为溢油指示物（或指标）的萜烷及其比值参数，受风化影响很小。     

水稻烤田期间N2O排放及其影响因素

水稻田间实验研究了烤田期间的土壤温度、Eh、含水量和裂缝基本性质,矿质态氮以及与氮有关的酶活性的演变规律,及其对N2O排放的影响.试验表明,在水稻分蘖期间烤田,N2O有一个排放高峰,其最高值可达75.6μg·m-2·h-1.在排放高峰后,即使继续烤田,N2O的排放值也将降低.N2O排放与尿素氮肥的施用量没有明显关系.裂缝的生成,改变了N2O的日排放规律.随着烤田时间的延长,脲酶和羟胺还原酶活性呈波动变化,硝酸还原酶活性递减,亚硝酸还原酶活性极低.硝酸还原酶活性与N2O排放之间没有显著相关性.土壤中的脲酶活性与N2O日排放通量呈显著的线性正相关.在烤田期间,NO-3含量呈增加趋势.土壤中的硝态氮含量与N2O排放通量之间呈显著正线性关系.土壤中的铵态氮含量与N2O排放通量之间呈显著负线性相关.     

The effects of land use and its patterns on soil properties in a small catchment of the Loess Plateau

Due to relatively strong human activities in the hilly area of Loess Plateau,the natural vegetation has been destroyed,and landscape pattern based on agricultural land matrix was land use mosaic composing of shrub land,grassland,woolland and orchard.This pattern has an important effect on soil moisture and soil nutrients.The Danangou catchment,a typical small catchment,was selected to study the effects of land use and its patterns on soil moisture and nutrients in this paper.The results are as follows:The comparisons of soil moisture among seven land uses for wet year and dry year were performed:(1)the average of soil moisture content for whole catchment was 12.11% in wet year,while it was 9.37% in dry year;(2)soil moisture among seven land uses was significantly different in dry year,but not in wet year;(3) form wet year to dry year,the profile type of soil moisture changed from decreasing type to fluctuation-type and from fluctuant type to increasing type;(4)the increasing trend in soil moisture from the top to foot of hillslope occurred in simple land use along slope,while complicated distribution of soil moisture was observed in multiple land uses along slope.The relationships between soil nutrients and land uses and landscape positions were analysed:(1)five nutrient contents of soil organic matter(SOM),total N(TN),available N(AN),total P(TP) and available P(AP) in hilly area were lower than that in other areas.SOM content was less than 1%,TN content less than 0.07%,and TP fallow land and cropland,and higher level in soil fertility was found in crop-fruit intercropping land among croplands;(3)soil nutrient distribution and responses to landscape positions were variable depending on slope and the location of land use types.     

Sorption of pyrene on two paddy soils and their particle-size fractions

In the present study, the sorption of pyrene on two kinds of bulk paddy soils, Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosols, and Ferric accumulic Stagnic Anthrosols as well as their particle-size fractions was investigated. The sorption isotherms fitted well with Freundlich equation. For both soils, the clay fraction（ 〈 2μm） and coarse sand fraction（2000-250μm） had higher sorption capacity than fine sand fraction（250-20 μm） and silt fraction（20-2 μm）. The IogKoc values obtained of each soil and its particle-size fractions were similar, proving that SOM content was a key factor affecting pyrene sorption. The Kd values showed a significant correlation with contents of dithionite-extractable Fe in both paddy soils and a good relationship with CEC in Gleyic Stagnic Anthrosols, indicating possible effects of surface properties of particle-size fractions on the sorption of pyrene.     

大同市土地退化现状与动态变化研究

通过对大同市水土流失现状与动态变化、土地盐渍化和耕地数量与质量情况动态变化、土地沙漠化现状与动态变化的现状调查来分析大同市土地退化的主要成因以及采取的环境保护对策与建议.     

阳极溶出伏安法连续测定底泥中的总镉和总铅

底泥样品经盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解后,用1 1盐政溶解残渣,以高氯酸做支持电解质,采用阳极溶出伏安法的标准加入法,连续测定样品中的总镉和总铅.该方法测定土壤标准样品中镉和铅的相对标准偏差分别为5.6%和4.6%,相对误差分别为2.4%和～1.7%;测定自采底泥样品中镉和铅的相对偏差分别为7.7%和8.1%,方法的重复性好;测定土壤标准样品中镉加标回收率为94.0%～106.8%,铅加标回收率为95%～103.8%;自采样品中镉加标回收率为93.0%～105.6%,铅加标回收率为90.0%～105.0%,方法的准确度较高.实验中,镉和铅的半波电位稳定,峰形对称.