Analysis of Trophic Indices in Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Larvae from Two Geographic Populations

Specific features of larval feeding in two geographic populations of the gypsy moth are considered. It is shown that in larvae reared on an artificial diet, trophic indices depend on several factors, including the age and sex of larvae and the food plant on which the parental generation developed in nature. It is shown that larval micropopulations belonging to the same geographic population but feeding in nature on different plant species differ from each other to a greater extent than those of different geographic populations feeding on the same species.     

基于理化特性的车用燃料着火危险性评价

为了研究在实际使用过程中汽车燃料存在的着火危险性,从燃料理化特性出发,系统分析了各种评价车用燃料着火危险性的参数.采用德尔菲法建立了评价燃料着火危险性的数学模型.研究结果表明:着火的基础是混合气的浓度在着火界限之内,而达到着火界限的难易程度取决于燃料的危险度日值、燃料的蒸发性和燃料的聚集性.当燃料达到着火界限后有自燃和点燃两种着火方式,点燃着火危险性具有实际意义.引入点燃着火危险因子的概念来评价燃料点燃着火危险性.常用燃料的着火危险性由大到小为:氢气、汽油、LJ)G、二甲醚、天然气和柴油.这证明该模型可以用来评价燃料点燃着火危险性. 燃料存在的着火危险性,从燃料理化特性出发,系统分析了各种评价车用燃料着火危险性的参数.采用德尔菲法建立了评价燃料着火危险性的数学模型.研究结果表明:着火的基础是混合气的浓度在着火界限之内,而达到着火界限的难易程度取决于燃料的危险度日值、燃料的蒸发性和燃料的聚集性.当燃料达到着火界限后有自燃和点燃两种着火方式,点燃着火危险性具有实际意义.引入点燃着火危险因子的概念来评价燃料点燃着火危险性.常用燃料的着火危险性由大到小为:氢气、汽油、LPG、二甲醚、天然气和柴油.这证明该模型可以用 评价燃料点燃着火     

潮汐循环影响下上覆水环境因子和氮营养盐的变化及其相关关系

潮汐循环对水体理化特征的短期影响是潮汐河口各种理化参数变化的一个重要原因.通过崇明东旺沙堤外低潮滩和东海农场低潮滩采样及环境因子分析,发现崇明东滩各环境因子之间(除浊度外)相关性较好,均呈宽 "U"型变化;东海农场各环境因子之间相关性较差,变化不一致,且盐度、电导率变化与崇明东滩变化相反;受潮汐循环影响,崇明东滩涨潮初期各形态氮有明显释放过程,而东海农场的近底层水体在涨潮初期NH4 -N急剧下降,NOX--N缓慢下降;无论是在崇明东滩还是在东海农场,营养盐浓度受环境因子的共同影响,整个潮汐循环过程中总无机氮(TIN)与盐度呈显著线性负相关,这与整个长江口近岸水体的营养盐负荷相一致,长江上游淡水带来的高负荷营养盐流经河口进入海洋.     

三峡水库洪水资源化多目标决策评价模型

进入21世纪,随着我国经济的飞速发展,人与水的关系越来越紧张。水资源短缺、水质恶化和水环境污染等问题日益严重,人们也在不断探索解决这些问题的办法。在总结经验教训的基础上,人们提出了"洪水管理"的新策略。洪水资源化是洪水管理的一项重要内容,也是解决水资源短缺危机的一个重要途径。汛限水位是综合利用水库运行和调度的重要参数之一,它影响着防洪效益和防洪风险。以三峡水库洪水资源化问题为背景,对三峡水库的多种汛限水位组合方案,建立了多目标决策运行的指标体系。以层次分析法为基础对各指标权重进行计算,得到了各指标相对于总目标的组合权重,并通过均衡规划求解得到了洪水资源化多目标决策运行方案的最佳均衡解。     

Removal characteristics and kinetic analysis of an aerobic vapor-phase bioreactor for hydrophobic alpha-pinene

Biofiltration is considered an effective method to control volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential use of a bacterial biofilter packed with wood chips and peat for the removal of hydrophobic α-pinene. When inoculated with two pure degraders and adapted activated sludge, a removal efficiency (RE) of more than 95% was achieved after a start-up period of 11 days. The maximum elimination capacity (EC) of 50 g/(m³. hr) with RE of 94% was obtained at empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 102 sec. When higher α-pinene concentrations and shorter EBRTs were applied, the REs and ECs decreased significantly due to mass-transfer and biological reaction limitations. As deduced from the experimental results, approximately 74% of α-pinene were completely mineralized by the consortiums and the biomass yield was 0.60 g biomass/g α-pinene. Sequence analysis of the selected bands excised from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that the inoculated pure cultures could be present during the whole operation, and others were closely related to bacteria being able to degrade hydrocarbons. The kinetic results demonstrated that the whole biofiltration for α-pinene was diffusion-limit controlled owing to its hydrophobic characteristics. These findings indicated that this bacterial biofiltration is a promising technology for the remediation of hydrophobic industrial waste gases containing α-pinene.     

苦草对富营养化水体中氮磷营养盐的生理响应

为认识湖泊富营养化过程中沉水植物衰退机制,通过室内模拟试验,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(Diving-PAM)测定了苦草(Vallisneria natans)在水体富营养化过程中不同氮磷营养盐水平下的荧光参数,并结合苦草其它生理指标,研究了苦草对水体富营养化过程中氮磷等营养盐浓度升高的响应.结果表明,苦草对水体氮、 磷营养盐浓度的改变响应迅速,各处理组在处理2～6 h后最大量子产量都显著下降,处理12　h后与处理前相比没有显著的差异,各处理组之间没有显著差异;水体氮、 磷营养浓度偏高（处理组D）或偏低（处理组A）都增强强光对苦草的抑制作用,从而影响光合作用,处理组B、 C苦草实际光合作用能力(平均量子产量)显著高于处理组A、 D苦草实际光合作用能力（p<0.05）;在一定的水体氮磷营养盐水平范围,苦草叶绿素含量随氮磷水平的升高而增大,水体氮磷营养盐浓度达到处理组D水平,苦草植物体内叶绿素含量下降;植物体内丙二醛(MDA)的含量在不同处理组中存在变化,处理组B丙二醛最低,处理组D最高.这说明,苦草比较适合在富营养化水体生长,但富营养化水体中,过高浓度的氮、 磷浓度可抑制苦草光合生理活动,进而影响苦草的生长.     

不同运行方式下低溶解氧污泥微膨胀的可行性研究

污泥微膨胀是一种利用低溶解氧（DO）引发丝状菌繁殖来实现污水节能处理的新方法.为分析该方法的可行性,采用4个间歇式反应器（SBR）模拟不同的工艺,考察了低DO下（DO=0.5 mg/L）各反应器的污泥沉降性、絮体结构、污染物去除特性及曝气能耗.结果表明,全程好氧运行方式易引发恶性膨胀;而前置缺氧运行方式下进水时间在60...     

医院污水处理站设计研究

以淇县人民医院污水处理站实际生产工艺流程为研究对象,全面考察了污水处理采用预处理+格栅+调节池+缺氧好氧工艺+絮凝沉淀+过滤+二氧化氯消毒工艺,污泥处理采用污泥浓缩+压滤脱水工艺的工作性能.同时系统介绍了各个处理单元的功能和设计要点,为工艺推广应用提供直接的设计依据.在此基础上,对医院污水收集、污水处理工艺选择、污水处理设施选择以及处理设施运行管理等方面进行了总结探讨.     

Zebrafish as a possible bioindicator of organic pollutants with effects on reproduction in drinking waters

Organic contaminants can be detected at low concentrations in drinking water, raising concerns for human health, particularly in reproduction. In this respect, we attempted to use the zebrafish as a bioindicator to detect the possible presence of these substances in drinking water, aiming to define the most relevant parameters to detect these substances, which particularly affect the development and reproduction of zebrafish. To this end, batches of 30 embryos with the chorion intact were cultured in drinking waters from different sources, throughout their full life-cycle up to 5 months, in 20 L tanks. Six replicates were performed in all water groups, with a total of 24 aquariums. Two generations (F0 and F1) were studied and the following parameters were tested: in the F0 generation, survival and abnormality rates evaluated at 5 dpf (days post-fertilization) and at 5 mpf (months post-fertilization), the onset of spawning and the fertility rate from 3 mpf to 5 mpf, and the sex ratio and underdeveloped specimens at 5 mpf. Furthermore, in the F0 offspring (F1), survival and abnormality rates were evaluated at 5 dpf and the hatching rate at 72 hpf. These results revealed that the hatching rate is the most sensitive parameter to distinguish different levels of effects between waters during the early life stages, whereas the rate of underdeveloped specimens is more suitable at later life stages. Regarding adult reproduction, fertility rate was the most sensitive parameter. The possible reversibility or accumulative nature of such effects will be studied in future work.     

Safety and kinetic parameters analysis for 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane mixed with monoammonium phosphate

Runaway reactions by organic peroxides have occurred throughout the world. In this study, we used 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (CH) 70 mass% as the main material, which was extensively employed as initiator for styrene in polymerization. Fire extinguishers are the first fire-fighting apparatus when fires occur. If a fire extinguisher has sat idle for a long time, which would cause the extinguishing agent to damp, it cannot achieve the desired effect and be properly handled at the start of the accident, thereby causing more casualties and property losses. CH 70 mass% was employed to mixed with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) for understanding the phenomenon by applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Safety parameters also were carried out for more deeply understanding the basic characteristics for preventing an accident from occurring, in terms of applying CH 70 mass% as the initiator in the manufacturing process.