空气相对湿度对煤自燃特性的影响研究

为研究空气相对湿度对煤自燃特性的影响,运用自制空气湿度控制装置和程序升温试验台,通入湿度不同的空气,对砚石台矿煤样进行程序升温,测定不同温度下所产生气体的浓度,分析耗氧速率、CO和CO2产生率、放热强度以及自燃极限参数的变化规律。试验结果表明:低温氧化前期,煤体的耗氧速率、放热强度和CO产生率与空气相对湿度成正比。随着反应的进行,85%或32%的湿度均会对耗氧速率、放热强度和CO产生率产生一定的抑制作用;CO2产生率随空气相对湿度的增大先升高后降低,最小浮煤厚度和下限氧浓度随空气相对湿度的增大先减小后增大,上限漏风强度先增大后减小。增大空气相对湿度对煤低温氧化前期有促进作用,其自燃环境条件更易被满足,自燃危险性升高。     

石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置中影响脱硫效率的关键设计参数

本文针对石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置阐述了关键参数对工艺性能的影响,介绍了影响脱硫效率的液气比、浆液pH值、钙硫比、固体物停留时间等关键设计参数,并给出这些变量的典型设计范围,为同类型脱硫工程设计提供借鉴和参考。     

基于FTA-Reason的施工作业高空坠落风险预控研究

为了对施工作业中高空坠落风险进行预控,采用故障树法对施工作业高空坠落事故进行了故障树的构建、分析,继而通过对经典Reason模型进行改造,建立了施工作业高空坠落事故的预控模型,包括组织因素、安全监督、操作条件、安全行为的前提以及安全行为5个防御层次。在风险预控的过程中,通过运用建立的施工作业高空坠落风险模型,可以对施工作业中的高空坠落风险进行针对性地预控,为施工安全风险管理提供参考。     

某火电厂FGD工艺及其运行现状分析

某火力发电厂FGD系统采用石灰石/石膏湿法脱硫工艺,FGD系统中设置有旁路挡板,在正常运行时,其脱硫效率可以达到90%以上,二氧化硫排放低于400 mg/m3,达到国家排放要求。FGD系统运行中异常主要表现在原烟气SO2浓度超标,增压风机、GGH、吸收塔除雾器等设备易发生故障,导致脱硫效率下降,不能够达标排放,在设备运行过程中应注意防范。     

矿山开采沉陷可视化系统设计开发及岩移参数求取

依据矿山开采沉陷相关理论,以概率积分法数学模型为基础、运用基于实测数据求参原理与方法,结合相关软件设计开发了矿山开采沉陷可视化系统。为研究矿区地表移动变形分布及岩移参数求取提供了技术支持。结合系统应用实例,利用地表观测数据拟合求参,对该矿其他工作面及类似地质条件矿区开采沉陷预计提供借鉴作用。     

气象参数对基于BP神经网络的PM2.5日均值预报模型的影响

建立了基于BP神经网络的PM2.5质量浓度预报模型,对广州市5个监测点2012年6月-2013年5月的PM2.5质量浓度日均值进行预报,分析了总体预报误差、不同风速和降雨量下的预报误差,以及天气预报误差对PM2.5质量浓度预报误差的影响.结果表明,BP神经网络模型对5个站点的PM2.5预报结果稳定,平均相对误差为29.71％.在有利于PM2.5扩散的气象条件下预报误差较大,风速较大时与风速较小时预报误差的差异高达15％,而不同降雨量情况下的预报误差较相近.修正天气预报后,各站点的预报误差平均降低了4.67％.这表明可从空气质量数据质量等方面人手改进模型.     

深层圆弧形滑坡作用下长输埋地输气管道响应分析

针对影响长输埋地管道安全运行的山体滑坡问题,基于深层圆弧形滑坡理论和有限元方法,建立了在深层圆弧形滑坡作用下的管道计算 模型,对管道的受力进行了数值模拟。对土壤密度、管道壁厚、管道内压以及土抗剪强度进行了参数敏感性分析,研究了各参数对发生滑坡时 管道所受最大应力的影响规律。结果表明:当滑坡规模、滑坡角度增大时,管道所受Von Mises值会随之增大;随土壤密度的增加,管道所受的 应力也会增加;在滑坡多发区,应设计大壁厚的管道,以增加管道安全性;应确保管道内压小于10MPa,当内压突增时应有紧急预案;土抗剪强 度对在深层圆弧形滑坡作用下管道所受应力的影响明显小于其他3个敏感参数。该研究工作为山体滑坡区的安全管道设计提供了一定的参考,对 确保滑坡区埋地管道的安全运营有重要意义。     

Safety and kinetic parameters analysis for 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane mixed with monoammonium phosphate

Runaway reactions by organic peroxides have occurred throughout the world. In this study, we used 1,1,-Di(tert-butylperoxy) cyclohexane (CH) 70 mass% as the main material, which was extensively employed as initiator for styrene in polymerization. Fire extinguishers are the first fire-fighting apparatus when fires occur. If a fire extinguisher has sat idle for a long time, which would cause the extinguishing agent to damp, it cannot achieve the desired effect and be properly handled at the start of the accident, thereby causing more casualties and property losses. CH 70 mass% was employed to mixed with monoammonium phosphate (MAP) for understanding the phenomenon by applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Safety parameters also were carried out for more deeply understanding the basic characteristics for preventing an accident from occurring, in terms of applying CH 70 mass% as the initiator in the manufacturing process.     

Study of the explosion parameters of vapor–liquid diethyl ether/air mixtures

The knowledge of the vapor–liquid two-phase diethyl ether (DEE)/air mixtures (mist) on the explosion parameters was an important basis of accident prevention. Two sets of vapor–liquid two-phase DEE/air mixtures of various concentrations were obtained with Sauter mean diameters of 12.89 and 22.90 μm. Experiments were conducted on vapor–liquid two-phase DEE/air mixtures of various concentrations at an ignition energy of 40.32 J and at an initial room temperature and pressure of 21 °C and 0.10 MPa, respectively. The effects of the concentration and particle size of DEE on the explosion pressure, the explosion temperature, and the lower and upper flammability limits were analyzed. Finally, a series of experiments was conducted on vapor–liquid two-phase DEE/air mixtures of various concentrations at various ignition energies. The minimum ignition energies were determined, and the results were discussed. The results were also compared against our previous work on the explosion characteristics of vapor–liquid two-phase n-hexane/air mixtures.