Individualized water source as an indicator of attitudes about water management and conservation in humid regions

Public perceptions about water quantity and water as a common pool resource are understudied in humid regions. As water demand increases, the need to more closely manage water, even in humid areas, will increase, requiring better understanding how people perceive their water supply, how they view paying for water conservation and how water user characteristics influence attitudes. A survey finds correlations between utilizing an individual water source (e.g. well or spring) and attitudes toward water management and conservation. Compared to respondents with a shared water source, those with an individual source believe they are segregated from regional water concerns. They are less willing to pay for water management or conservation measures and less supportive of any government intervention in water management. These results suggest that planners and water managers may face resistance to conservation policies or any policy based on the idea of water as a common pool resource.     

大庆贴不贴泡周边土壤及地下水石油烃污染规律

贴不贴泡是大庆某石油化工总厂生产废水排放场地,其作用相当于一个水面较大的氧化塘.在纳污泡周边分别采集土壤及地下水样品,以研究其对周边土壤及地下水的污染状况.结果显示:纳污泡附近地下水及表层土壤受到不同程度石油烃污染,但除第1个采样点外,其余各采样点污染程度随距离变化不明显;土壤纵向以40～60cm厚度层污染最为严重.说明大庆地区草甸黑土对石油烃滞留能力很强,使石油烃在其中的迁移速度很低,特别是水平迁移速度更小,才使污染近30年的场地地下水受到的石油烃污染不是十分严重.表层土壤的污染主要是由于雨季纳污泡内污水溢出造成的.      

Parallel agent-based modeling of spatial opinion diffusion accelerated using graphics processing units

In this article, we describe a parallel agent-based model of spatial opinion diffusion that is driven by graphics processing units (GPUs). Modeling opinion exchange and diffusion across landscapes often involves the simulation of large numbers of geographically located individual decision-makers and a massive number of individual-level interactions. This simulation requires substantial computational power. GPU-enabled computing resources provide a massively parallel processing platform based on a fine-grained shared memory paradigm. This massively parallel processing platform holds considerable promise for meeting the computing requirement of agent-based models of spatial problems. In this article, we focus on the parallelization of an agent-based spatial opinion model using GPU technologies. We discussed key algorithms designed for parallel agent-based opinion modeling: including domain decomposition and mutual exclusion. Experiments conducted to examine computing performance show that GPUs provide a computationally efficient alternative to traditional parallel computing architectures and substantially accelerate agent-based models of large-scale opinion exchange among individual decision makers.     

我国公众参与环境保护制度存在的问题及对策

阐述了公众参与环境影响评价的重要意义和相关依据,指出了我国现行公众参与制度中存在信息公示程度不足、征求意见方式单一和公众意见重视不够等问题,并从完善法律法规体系、丰富公众参与形式和提高公众参与透明程度等方面提出了改进措施和建议。     

论新时期的环境新闻宣传工作

近年来,环境问题变得更加复杂,环境新闻宣传作为环保工作对外的窗口仍停留在固有的模式,面临着环境形势严峻、信息传播迅猛发展等诸多挑战。从新闻制度、舆论引导、宣传平台、网络舆情和环境突发事件等方面提出了新时期环境新闻宣传工作的对策建议。     

Property rights and grassland degradation: a study of the Xilingol pasture, Inner Mongolia, China

The semi-private property rights arrangement called the Household Production Responsibility System (HPRS) was started in the early 1980s in Xilingol pasture of Inner Mongolia (China), and stimulated the development of stockbreeding. The grassland has been degrading severely with increasing numbers of livestock. Based on a historical review of property rights regimes in Inner Mongolia and empirical surveys in Xilingol pasture during 2001-2003, this paper assesses the implementation of HPRS and its impacts on incomes of households as well as the environmental impact on the grassland. It was found that HPRS does not mitigate the "Tragedy of the Commons", instead it has exacerbated the situation. It was also found that co-management of grassland and livestock among a few households presents a sustainable use of grassland to develop livestock breeding. We conclude with the recommendation that small-scale collective property rights systems should be encouraged in Xilingol pasture of Inner Mongolia.     

A tutorial on learning human welder's behavior: Sensing,modeling, and control

Human welder's experiences and skills are critical for producing quality welds in manual GTAW process. Learning human welder's behavior can help develop next generation intelligent welding machines and train welders faster. In this tutorial paper, various aspects of mechanizing the welder's intelligence are surveyed, including sensing of the weld pool, modeling of the welder's adjustments and this model-based control approach. Specifically, different sensing methods of the weld pool are reviewed and a novel 3D vision-based sensing system developed at University of Kentucky is introduced. Characterization of the weld pool is performed and human intelligent model is constructed, including an extensive survey on modeling human dynamics and neuro-fuzzy techniques. Closed-loop control experiment results are presented to illustrate the robustness of the model-based intelligent controller despite welding speed disturbance. A foundation is thus established to explore the mechanism and transformation of human welder's intelligence into robotic welding system. Finally future research directions in this field are presented.     

大型LNG储罐泄漏事故后果评估

对LNG储罐泄漏事故进行危险分析,选用PHAST软件计算模型,针对LNG储罐不同事故类型选取最大设想事故进行假设模拟,确定了不同条件下LNG储罐泄漏事故的安全距离;对结果进行分析,得出的结论对LNG储罐的安全管理和事故预防提供了一定的参考。     

长沙市光污染的公众主观调查方案设计与结果分析研究

过度照明、不适宜的照明分布可能给居民带来身体和精神上的不适。本文对长沙市六个典型光污染源周围居民开展公众主观调查,主要调查公众对光污染的认识、所受光污染影响的程度以及受到光污染影响时的感觉、态度与采取措施等。调查发现：超过九成五的受访者认为长沙存在光污染,且半数受访者认为在El常生活中受到光污染影响,大多数受访者认为光污染导致的影响是金钱无法弥补的。     

Opinions of 12 to 13-year-olds in Austria and Australia on the concern,cause and imminence of climate change

Early adolescence (12–13 years old) is a critical but under-researched demographic for the formation of attitudes related to climate change. We address this important area by exploring adolescent views about climate change. This paper presents opinions collected from surveys of 463 1st-year secondary school students (12–13 years old) in public secondary schools in inner-urban centres in Austria and Australia on whether climate change is (1) something about which to worry, (2) caused by humans and (3) happening now. Eligible respondents in both countries showed similar levels of agreement that climate change was probably or definitely something we should (1) worry about (84.6% Austria, 89.1% Australia), which is significantly higher than either country’s adult population. Eligible respondents agreed that climate change probably or definitely is (2) caused by humans (75.6% Austria, 83.6% Australia) and that climate change is probably or definitely something that is (3) happening now (73.1% Austria, 87.5% Australia). Their response differed from the respective adult populations, but in opposite directions. Our results suggest that socio-cultural worldview may not have as much influence on this age group as it does on the respective adult populations and suggests that this age group would be receptive and ready for climate science education and engagement initiatives.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01356-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.