Ward法在大气监测网络优化设计中的应用

在大气监测统计资料基础上,进行Ward法聚类分析,从而对宁波市的大气监测点进行优化,得到监测点位的最佳位置分布,通过检验,证明其技术路线是可行的.     

Green energy for the battlefield

Population of the world is growing with increasing rate and it seems that existing fossil fuel energy sources will not be able to meet energy demand in the near future. Energy is not only crucial for civil sector but also it is one of the most important assets in defense sector. Energy for military operations is mostly provided from fossil fuel as it is the case in other sectors; however, fossil fuels have hazardous effects to the environment and cause global environment concerns. These drawbacks of fossil fuels are also valid for battlefield. Furthermore, transportation of fossil fuels causes extra safety and logistics problems in military case. In this study, we developed a hybrid green energy solution with wind, solar, and batteries together to minimize or eliminate the fossil fuel demand for the battlefield. Results of our algorithm are superior to the already used diesel generator solution from the point of view of cost and various other aspects. The novelty of our study stems from applying optimization of hybrid green energy solution to military case with battlefield constraints.     

某矿通风系统的改进与优化

通过对某矿通风系统现状分析和通风参数的测定,确认该矿井下通风系统存在的主要问题是：有效风量低,污风串联和污风循环严重,导致作业点通风效果差,部分作业地点空气中CO、NO2和CO2含量超过“GB16424-1996金属非金属地下矿山安全规程”规定标准;根据测定、分析和计算,结合该矿的实际情况,提出了改善矿山通风状况的多种可行性方案,并对这些方案采用计算机通风网络解算与优化,经方案比较,提出了井下通风系统改进与优化设计的最佳方案和通风系统的管理措施。     

Surrogates for Macrofungi and Mosses in Reservation Planning

Abstract: Our knowledge of cryptogam taxonomy and species distributions is currently too poor to directly plan for their conservation. We used inventory data from four distinct vegetation types, near Hobart Tasmania, to address the proposition that vegetation type, vascular plant taxon composition, and environmental variables can act as surrogates for mosses and macrofungi in reservation planning. The four vegetation types proved distinct in their taxon composition for all macrofungi, mosses, and vascular plants. We tested the strength of the relationships between the composition of cryptogam taxonomic groups and vascular plant composition and between the environmental variables and canopy cover. Taxon composition of woody vascular plants and vascular plants was the best predictor of the taxon composition of mosses and macrofungi. Combinations of environmental variables and canopy cover were also strong predictors of the taxon composition of mosses and macrofungi. We used an optimization routine for vascular plant taxa and woody plant species and determined the representation of cryptogam taxa in these selections. We identified sites with approximately 10% and 30% of the greatest proportions of vascular plants and woody vascular plants and calculated representation of mosses and macrofungi at these sites. We compared the results of these site selections with random site selections and random selections stratified by vegetation type. Random selection of sites by vegetation type generally captured more cryptogams than site selection by vascular plants at the 10% level. Vascular plant and woody plant taxon composition, vegetation type, and environmental and structural characteristics, all showed promise as surrogates for capturing common cryptogams in reserve systems.     

南水北调穿越北京地铁13号线清河桥施工优化分析

以南水北调工程盾构施工穿越北京地铁13号线清河桥工程为背景,采用有限元分析方法,针对不同施工加固措施及行车速度条件下所引起的桥面竖向变形、桥墩竖向变形和地表沉降等问题进行了研究。总结了预加固旋喷桩配比参数、注浆配比参数及行车速度等因素对各结构变形的影响程度。结果表明:水灰比为1.00时的旋喷桩,既能控制结构变形,又具有较高的经济和施工效益;水泥浆与水玻璃浆之比为1.0∶1.0时的注浆参数最优;行车速度控制在50 km/h以下时,能较好地控制结构变形的发展。最后通过对施工过程中各结构的变形进行监测,验证了优化结果的合理性。     

OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF WATER QUALITY CONTROLS IN URBANIZING RIVER BASINS1

ABSTRACT: Urbanizing river basins in the west are encountering serious water quality degradation resulting from the expanded water utilization. In order to avoid aggravating such conditions, water quality controls need to be implemented. The important questions are, therefore, where and how to impose such constraints on the urban and agricultural sectors to achieve the desired level of pollution control. An application of the model developed to address such questions is made in the Utah Lake drainage area of Central Utah as a test of the model's utility. The region is subdivided into five major sub-basins containing both municipal and agricultural water demands. A submodel of each sub-basin is developed which optimizes the water quality control strategies by linking the urban to the agricultural uses and then evaluating the levels of control for each sector. From these results, a cost-effectiveness function for each sub-basin is generated. By jointly considering the cost-effectiveness relationship for each sub-basin, an optimum policy for the entire basin is determined.     

改进的粒子群算法及其在土坡临界滑动面搜索中的应用

首先,提出了一种新型的模拟任意滑动面的方法,该法能自动产生运动许可的滑动面。同时,针对基本粒子群优化算法存在计算量大的缺点,提出了一种改进的,即不连续飞行粒子群优化算法。利用Spencer法计算滑动面的安全系数,对几个复杂土坡的最小安全系数及其对应的滑动面进行了分析,并与国内外已有结果进行了比较,证明了改进粒子群优化算法和模拟滑动面的新方法是合理、有效的,可用于复杂优化问题的研究。     

脱硫增效剂在湿法FGD系统的应用与比较

介绍了某电厂300 MW机组FGD装置在相同试验工况安排下分别使用三家公司提供的脱硫增效剂的试验情况,其脱硫率均有不同程度的提升,钙硫比显著降低,石膏浆液及石膏产品品质有所提高.说明使用脱硫增效剂后,在正常运行负荷范围内,不仅能优化系统参数,而且可以停一台浆液循环泵运行,降低系统电耗.     

地沟油脱胶工艺条件优化

研究地沟油的脱胶工艺,比较了磷酸脱胶、水脱胶和磷酸-水联合脱胶3种方法的脱胶效果,考察了脱胶温度、磷酸用量、酸化时间、水用量和水化时间对磷酸-水联合脱胶效果的影响,并通过正交试验对其脱胶条件进行了优化。结果表明,磷酸脱胶、水脱胶和磷酸-水联合脱胶的脱胶率分别为8.78%、68.18%和79.32%;磷酸-水联合脱胶的最优脱胶条件为:脱胶温度60℃,磷酸用量0.1%,酸化时间40 min,水用量3%,水化时间30 min,在此条件下,脱胶率为96.70%。因此,磷酸-水联合脱胶可除去地沟油中的胶体,达到生物柴油原料的要求。     

区域大气污染总量控制的渐进方法

对污染物实施总量控制是我国当前和今后污染控制和管理的方向。本文对区域大气污染总量控制的一般方法进行了讨论。考虑到污染控制成本和公平性要求 ,采用浓度控制与总量相结合的循序渐进方法 ,并提出了促进环境与经济协调发展的总量控制负荷优化分配模型 ,以期对各地总量控制的实施提供参考和借鉴