大型空间桁架天线振动控制及作动器位置优化

目的对在轨大型空间柔性桁架天线结构振动进行主动控制及作动器位置优化。方法采用线性二次型最优控制算法对天线结构进行振动抑制,以系统能量和控制能量的和作为优化性能指标,利用遗传算法对作动器的位置进行优化。结果在优化配置的两个作动器控制作用下,受到激扰的天线结构振动便在10 s内得到良好得抑制,振动幅值减小了一个量级。结论适当地增加作动器数目,恰当地配置作动器的位置能有效抑制柔性天线结构的振动。     

Stormwater Control Measures for Runoff and Water Quality Management in Urban Landscapes

This study develops and tests a novel optimization method for optimally selecting and sizing stormwater control measures (SCMs) in urban landscapes for selected design storms. The developed methodology yields SCMs that capture and retain stormwater via onsite percolation, remove stormwater pollutants, and minimize stormwater control expenditures. The resulting environmental optimization problem involves integer and real variables imbedded in an objective function that is subjected to multiple constraints. This study's methodology aims at practicality and ease of implementation in the solution of the SCM sizing and selection optimization problem while taking into account the main factors that govern stormwater management in urban landscapes. The near‐optimal global solution of the SCM selection and design problem is obtained with nonlinear programming and verified with the average of multiple solutions calculated with multiple runs of an optimization evolutionary algorithm. The developed methodology is illustrated with one stormwater project in the City of Los Angeles, California.     

Prioritizing Stream Barrier Removal to Maximize Connected Aquatic Habitat and Minimize Water Scarcity

Instream barriers, such as dams, culverts, and diversions, alter hydrologic processes and aquatic habitat. Removing uneconomical and aging instream barriers is increasingly used for river restoration. Historically, selection of barrier removal projects used score‐and‐rank techniques, ignoring cumulative change and the spatial structure of stream networks. Likewise, most water supply models prioritize either human water uses or aquatic habitat, failing to incorporate both human and environmental water use benefits. Here, a dual‐objective optimization model identifies barriers to remove that maximize connected aquatic habitat and minimize water scarcity. Aquatic habitat is measured using monthly average streamflow, temperature, channel gradient, and geomorphic condition as indicators of aquatic habitat suitability. Water scarcity costs are minimized using economic penalty functions while a budget constraint specifies the money available to remove barriers. We demonstrate the approach using a case study in Utah's Weber Basin to prioritize removal of instream barriers for Bonneville cutthroat trout, while maintaining human water uses. Removing 54 instream barriers reconnects about 160 km of quality‐weighted habitat and costs approximately US$10 M. After this point, the cost‐effectiveness of removing barriers to connect river habitat decreases. The modeling approach expands barrier removal optimization methods by explicitly including both economic and environmental water uses.     

Structured Decision Making to Meet a National Water Quality Mandate

Water quality criteria are necessary to ensure protection of ecological and human health conditions, but compliance can require complex decisions. We use structured decision making to consider multiple stakeholder objectives in a water quality management process, with a case study in the Three Bays watershed on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. We set a goal to meet or exceed a nitrogen load reduction target for the watershed and four key objectives: minimizing economic costs of implementing management actions, minimizing the complexity of permitting management actions, maximizing stakeholder acceptability of the management actions, and maximizing the provision of ecosystem services (recreational opportunity, erosion and flood control, socio‐cultural amenity). We used multi‐objective optimization and sensitivity analysis to generate many possible solutions that implement different combinations of nitrogen‐removing management actions and reflect tradeoffs between the objectives. Results show technological advances in controlling household nitrogen sources could provide lower cost solutions and positive impacts to ecosystem services. Although this approach is demonstrated with Cape Cod data, the decision‐making process is not specific to any watershed and could be easily applied elsewhere.     

Multi-objective optimization of a novel crude lipase-catalyzed fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production using low-order polynomial and Kriging models

In this paper, conventional response surface methodology (RSM) based on low-order polynomials and an alternative Kriging-based method are used for the model-based single and multi-objective optimization of fatty-acid methyl ester (FAME) production catalyzed by a novel crude lipase from the yeast Cryptococcus diffluens (D44). The coefficient of determination for the two modeling approaches was calculated as 0.97 for the Kriging method, and 0.86 for RSM; showing a more reliable representation of experimental data by Kriging. Both models were used to perform single (maximizing FAME titer and temporal productivity separately) and multi-objective (maximizing FAME titer and temporal productivity simultaneously) optimizations of four important operating conditions (reaction time and temperature; amount of crude enzyme; and volume of methanol used). In all cases, the highest temperature considered (60°C) gave the best results. A reduction of reaction time in half was seen to be necessary to achieve optimum productivity compared to titer, when the two objectives were considered separately. The observed trade-off between the two objectives was quantified via multi-objective optimization using Pareto-front analysis.     

考虑旅客携行行为的安检系统服务参数优化研究*

为提高公共交通安检系统服务效率,考虑旅客“绕行取行李”“等待取行李”的携行行为,分析安检系统服务流程,构建安检系统的Jackson排队网络模型;分析旅客人体安检和行李安检之间的速度差,厘定在携行行为条件下及不同情境中旅客提取行李前的等待时间,并修正安检系统的Jackson排队网络模型;优化安检系统服务参数,实现系统服务设施的最优配置;以某公共客运站为研究对象,进行案例验证分析。结果表明:优化模型不仅能改善安检服务设施配置效率,而且显著降低系统稳态条件下的平均等待队长;增加“绕行取行李”行为的旅客比例能显著降低旅客提取行李前的平均等待时间。     

富营养化评价的幂函数加和型普适指数公式

提出了一个用幂函数加和型表示湖泊富营养化评价的综合指数公式,并采用粒子群算法优化公式中的参数,得出优化后适用于多指标的富营养化综合评价的普适指数公式,该公式的特例也可作为单项指标的富营养化评价指数公式.将优化好的湖泊富营养化评价公式用于我国不同地域和不同类型的65个湖泊的实例评价.其评价结果与用修正卡森指数公式TSI.和我国营养状态指数公式TSI,及其它方法的评价结果基本一致,并与实况相符,从而为水体富营养化评价提供了一种新的有效途径.     

基于灰色关联聚类的地下水评价指标优化研究

地下水环境指标间既有联系又有差异,在保证评价指标能够全面、准确反映区域地下水质量的前提下,可对其进行分类、筛选和优化,简化评价指标,进而减轻监测工作量。本研究采用灰色关联聚类法,对研究区域地下水指标进行优化,并且优化前后水质综合评价结果一致,表明地下水评价指标的灰色关联聚类优化是合理可行的。     

棒状链霉菌突变株CCRC11518-Ⅲ50克拉维酸发酵条件的研究

通过单因子和多因子摇瓶正交优化试验,确定了克拉维酸产生菌棒状链霉菌突变株Streptomyces clavuligerusCCRC11518-Ⅲ50的三角瓶发酵条件.发酵培养基组成(ρ/g L-1):甘油30,大豆蛋白胨60,麦芽浸膏7.5,K2HPO4·3H2O 1.0,MgSO4·7H2O 2.0,FeSO4-7H2O 1.0;培养基初始pH 6.5;接种量15％;培养基装量20 mL/250 mL三角瓶;培养温度25℃;发酵时间72 h.克拉维酸效价由优化前的834.8 μg mL-1提高到1 082.615 μg mL-1,提高了29.7％.还在1 600 mL发酵罐中进行了初步放大试验.当接种量15％,通气量1:0.5,转速450 r min-1,25℃发酵60h克拉维酸效价达到高峰1 025 μg mL-1.图12表1参12     

GIS系统在城市大气污染控制与能源结构优化中的应用

通过对GIS系统与能源结构优化模型和大气污染物控制模型的集成研究，开发出具有较强应用价值的GIS优化控制系统。该系统具有数据采集系统、分析系统和决策系统，可用于城市能源结构优化研究，大气污染控制研究，并可促进城市的可持续性发展。