多循环CCRs法在分离燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2方面的应用

随着温室效应和全球变暖的加剧，煤燃烧所排出的CO2作为引起温室效应的主要气体而引起人们的密切关注。由于燃煤锅炉所排放的尾气中所含的CO2的体积份额低、排放量大，而且处于微负压状态，因此目前控制和分离吸收CO2的方法，包括各类吸收法、吸附法、膜分离法和O2／CO2燃烧技术等，能够经济可行地适用于电力工业燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2分离的方法非常少。与上述各类方法相比，钙基吸收剂CCRs（calcination／carbonation reactions）法是一种新兴的经济可行的分离燃煤锅炉尾部烟气中CO2的方法。对采用该法时，吸收剂的选择、吸收剂在多次CCRs过程中结构特点的变化、提高吸收剂对CO2的吸收容量以及防止吸收剂反应性的衰减等方面进行了详细的阐述。     

浅论关系数据库查询优化

对关系数据库查询现状进行了分析研究,并通过实践,提出了一些如何利用关系数据库查询技术实现数据库查询优化的方法.参7.     

地下水环境监测系统的设计

介绍了地下水环境监测的现状，特点和设计地下水环境监测系统的目的，详细阐述了地下水环境监测系统的站位布设，采样频率和时间分配，监测项目，以及地下水采样井的布设。     

Coupling climate and economic models in a cost-benefit framework: A convex optimisation approach

In this paper, we present a general method, based on a convex optimisation technique, that facilitates the coupling of climate and economic models in a cost-benefit framework. As a demonstration of the method, we couple an economic growth model à la Ramsey adapted from DICE-99 with an efficient intermediate complexity climate model, C-GOLDSTEIN, which has highly simplified physics, but fully 3-D ocean dynamics. As in DICE-99, we assume that an economic cost is associated with global temperature change: this change is obtained from the climate model, which is driven by the GHG concentrations computed from the economic growth path. The work extends a previous paper in which these models were coupled in cost-effectiveness mode. Here we consider the more intricate cost-benefit coupling in which the climate impact is not fixed a priori. We implement the coupled model using an oracle-based optimisation technique. Each model is contained in an oracle, which supplies model output and information on its sensitivity to a master program. The algorithm Proximal-ACCPM guarantees the convergence of the procedure under sufficient convexity assumptions. Our results demonstrate the possibility of a consistent, cost-benefit, climate-damage optimisation analysis with a 3-D climate model.     

A Scenario Optimization Model for Dynamic Reserve Site Selection

Conservation planners are called upon to make choices and trade-offs about the preservation of natural areas for the protection of species in the face of development pressures. We addressed the problem of selecting sites for protection over time with the objective of maximizing species representation, with uncertainty about future site development, and with periodic constraints on the number of sites that can be selected. We developed a 0–1, linear optimization model with 2 periods to select the sites that maximize expected species coverage subject to budget constraints. The model is based on the idea that development uncertainty can be characterized by a set of scenarios, each of which is a possible second-period development outcome for the set of sites. We also suggest that our 2-period model can be used in a sequential fashion that is consistent with adaptive planning. Results are presented for the Fox River watershed in Chicago.     

Ward法在大气监测网络优化设计中的应用

在大气监测统计资料基础上,进行Ward法聚类分析,从而对宁波市的大气监测点进行优化,得到监测点位的最佳位置分布,通过检验,证明其技术路线是可行的.     

Genetic Algorithm Usage in Water Quality Monitoring Networks Optimization in Gediz (Turkey) River Basin

Selection procedure of the optimum station combination for decreasing the station number from 33 to 14 in water quality monitoring network of Gediz river basin was applied using an optimization method. Gediz basin is one of the important basins and it covers 2.3% of the total surface area of Turkey. The technique includes two stages as the data preparation and the optimization. In the data preparation stage, firstly, alternative station combinations decreased and then station combination scores obtained from assigned selection criteria for point and nonpoint pollution management objectives. Finally, genetic algorithm applied to select the best combination. The results were compared with a prior solution that used dynamic programming as the optimization technique.     

南宁市南湖富营养化防治对策及综合整治方案的研究

由于大量生活污水未经处理排放南宁市南湖,南湖富营养化状已非常严重,各种水体功能均受到严重影响,治理南湖已刻不容缓。     

GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIMIZATION USING GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND SIMULATED ANNEALING: FORMULATION AND COMPARISON1

ABSTRACT: Genetic algorithms (GA) and simulated annealing (SA), two global search techniques, are coupled with MODFLOW, a commonly used groundwater flow simulation code, for optimal management of ground water resources under general conditions. The coupled simulation-optimization models allow for multiple management periods in which optimal pumping rates vary with time to reflect the changing flow conditions. The objective functions of the management models are of a very general nature, incorporating multiple cost terms such as the drilling cost, the installation cost, and the pumping cost. The models are first applied to two-dimensional maximum yield and minimum cost water supply problems with a single management period, and then to a multiple management period problem. The strengths and limitations of the GA and SA based models are evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained using linear programming, nonlinear programming, and differential dynamic programming. For the three example problems examined in this study, the GA and SA based models yield nearly identical or better solutions than the various programming methods. While SA tends to outperform GA in terms of the number of forward simulations needed, it uses more empirical control parameters which have significant impact on solution efficiency but are difficult to determine.     

INTERPRETATION OF THE DUAL PROGRAM FOR OPTIMAL GROUNDWATER HYDRAULIC CONTROL1

ABSTRACT: Optimization formulations for hydraulic control that take the form of linear programs possess a corresponding dual linear program. The economic and physical interpretations of the dual linear program are examined for formulations in which hydraulic head in groundwater systems is constiained. In each case it is shown that the dual linear program has a physically meaningful interpretation. For a hydraulic gradient control formulation used for remedial analysis it is shown that the dual variable can be interpreted as the remedial benefit due to each gradient control constraint. The dual linear program maximizes the remedial benefit. The value of the dual variable can be used to compute such useful properties as the total remedial benefit of pumping at a specific location. For a formulation that optimizes aquifer yield while constraining drawdown the dual variable can be used to measure the total cost of drawdown capacity consumption per unit of pumping at a specific location. The dual program minimizes the cost of drawdown capacity consumption. By examining the meaning of the dual linear program an alternate statement of the problem under study is revealed. Quantities arising from the dual program add to the value of the optimization approach. Significant new information can be derived from existing linear optimization formulations with minimal additional computational effort.