Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange using ZnO nanorods

Nanosized ZnO rods were synthesized using a microwave-assisted aqueous method. High molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol was used as a stabilizing agent. Size, surface morphology, and structure were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM and TEM images show that ZnO nanorods have diameters of about 50?nm and lengths of a few micrometers. The XRD pattern reveals that ZnO nanorods are of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size calculated from Scherrer's relation was found to be 40?nm. The effects of catalyst loading, pH value, and initial concentration of methyl orange on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency using ZnO nanorods as photocatalyst were discussed. The results revealed that ZnO nanorods with a diameter of 50?nm showed the highest photocatalytic activity at a surface density of 0.2?g?dm^?3.     

活性炭催化双氧水氧化处理分散橙结晶废母液

采用Fe2+/H2O2、活性炭(AC)/H2O2和AC/H2O2/Fe2+三种氧化体系对高浓度、高酸度和高盐分的分散橙结晶废母液进行处理,探讨了H2O2投加量、n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)比值和初始pH对TOC去除率影响,比较三种氧化体系对TOC和色度的去除效果。结果表明:AC/H2O2/Fe2+氧化体系对TOC去除率最高,AC/H2O2氧化体系对色度去除率最高。即使在强酸环境中下,AC对H2O2仍然具有较高的催化活性,并可多次重复利用。AC/H2O2氧化体系为分散橙结晶废母液处理及资源化利用提供了新途径。     

Fe/TiO2/ACF三元复合光催化材料联合脉冲放电降解甲基橙

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe/TiO₂/ACF三元复合光催化材料,将其投入到脉冲放电水处理反应器中降解甲基橙,考察该材料的光催化性能,以及它与脉冲放电的联合降解过程中操作因素的影响. 结果表明,Fe/TiO₂/ACF三元复合光催化材料与脉冲放电产生协同作用,大大提高了对甲基橙的去除率. 甲基橙的去除率与掺铁量〔以摩尔分数计〕、煅烧温度、溶液电导率和pH有关. 当掺铁量为0.07%,煅烧温度为900 ℃时,降解效果最佳;当溶液pH为6,电导率为300 μS/cm时,对Fe/TiO₂/ACF与脉冲放电的联合降解效果有利.      

The usability of oxidative stress and detoxification biomarkers in Gammarus pulex for ecological risk assessment of textile dye methyl orange

The present study was undertaken to determine the toxicity of the methyl orange by using the changes of some antioxidant and detoxification enzyme activities in Gammarus pulex. Lethal Concentration (LC) value of Methyl Orange (MO) was determined. Three sublethal doses of MO (1/4; 1/8 and 1/16 of LC value) were exposed to G. pulex for 24 and 96?h. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-P_X), Cytochrome p450 (CYP1A1), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities as well as Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by using The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The CAT and CYP1A1 activities were decreased in all the groups exposed to different doses of MO. GST activity and GSH, MDA levels were increased all the groups exposed to different doses of MO. The GSH-P_X activities were changed in all the groups. MO affected SOD activity at different levels and in different concentrations. In our study, it has been found that exposure duration didn’t significantly affect the biochemical biomarkers except for GST and GSH. In conclusion, alterations in antioxidant and detoxification enzymes and lipid peroxidation may potentially be used as sensitive biomarkers for risk assessment of dyes in the environment and may contribute to the establishment of discharge regulations.     

纳米氧化锌的制备及其光催化活性研究

以硫酸锌和尿素为原料,采用均相沉淀法制备纳米ZnO颗粒,并用TEM,IR,TGA,XRD等测试手段对其进行了表征。以紫外灯为光源,以纳米ZnO为光催化剂,氧化水溶液中的甲基橙。研究了催化剂的用量、光照时间、空气流量、光源性质对甲基橙降解的影响及ZnO粉体掺杂Ag^ 对其活性的影响。实验结果表明,掺杂Ag^ 后的纳米ZnO光催化效能大大提高。     

糖厂碳法滤坭对赤红壤上柑桔施用效果初探

试验结果表明，施用碳法滤坭可明显地提高土壤的ｐＨ值和土壤的速效磷含量；适量滤坭配施钾肥可比单施钾肥显著或极显著地提高柑桔的产量，明显地提高柑桔果汁的Ｖｃ和柠檬酸含量，柑桔的可溶性固形物含量、可食部分和果汁含量也有提高；单施滤坭对提高柑桔产量和改善柑桔品质也有一定的效果．滤坭配施钾肥对提高柑桔产质的效果优于与其等当量的石灰配施钾肥，故认为碳法滤坭可代替石灰应用于改良赤红壤的酸性．     

臭氧/钛酸铋系化合物催化氧化降解橙黄Ⅳ的初步研究

采用化学溶液分解法制备了钛酸铋系化合物,并研究了其催化臭氧化降解橙IV(C18H14KN3O35)溶液的性能.结果表明,在Bi/Ti摩尔比12:1、热处理温度550℃条件下制备的催化剂性能最优,其COD去除率达40.3%,比单独臭氧作用(20.3%)提高了1倍,并明显优于TiO2和Bi2O3的催化效果(分别为28.9%和21.4%).同时,考察了催化剂投量、橙IV初始浓度、臭氧投量、pH值、重复使用等反应条件对催化剂性能的影响.初步推断,此催化臭氧化反应为非羟基自由基的含氧自由基作用机理.     

吸附树脂/铁酞菁对甲基橙的光催化降解

针对铁酞菁在水溶液中易于聚合而降低催化活性,同时在均相光催化体系中分离困难、难以重复利用的问题,将铁酞菁负载在吸附树脂上,制得多相催化剂。该催化剂在可见光的照射下能有效地催化H2O2降解偶氮染料甲基橙。考察了催化剂用量、H2O2投加量、pH值、温度等因素对甲基橙去除效果的影响。结果表明,甲基橙初始浓度为50 mg/L,卤灯功率为100 W,催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L,H2O2用量为0.2 mol/L,pH为3,温度为35℃时,反应10 h,甲基橙去除率达到91%,且催化剂所含铁离子无流失,具有很好的稳定性,可重复使用。     

掺硼铁氧化物在紫外-可见光下的催化性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备不同掺硼量的针铁矿和赤铁矿催化剂,并用X射线衍射图谱（XRD）、比表面积（BET法）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（DRS）及电荷零点（盐滴定法）对催化剂进行表征.结果表明：硼掺杂能改变催化剂的晶体结构,增大其比表面积和Lewis表面酸度,并能提高催化剂的紫外-可见光活性.在紫外光下,掺硼质量分数2%的赤铁矿对...     

Zn/Cr型阴离子黏土的制备、表征及其对活性艳橙X-GN的去除性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Zn/Cr摩尔比为1∶1～5∶1的Zn/Cr型阴离子黏土(Zn/Cr-LDHs),选取2∶1 Zn/Cr-LDHs分别在300、400、500℃条件下放入马弗炉中煅烧2 h,制备了煅烧阴离子黏土(Zn/Cr-LDO).采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、原子吸收法(ASS)、比表面积测试法(BET)对上述制备的材料结构形态进行表征.研究2∶1 Zn/Cr-LDHs和Zn/Cr-LDO在紫外和避光条件下对活性艳橙X-GN的去除.实验表明,2∶1 Zn/Cr-LDHs的吸附效果不受紫外光照射的影响,煅烧后形成的Zn/Cr-LDO在紫外光的照射下,对活性艳橙X-GN的去除率是避光条件下的2倍,说明煅烧后的Zn/Cr阴离子黏土具有光催化性能,Zn/Cr-LDO对活性艳橙X-GN的去除是吸附和光催化的共同作用.