Cu2O-g-C3N4异质结催化剂光催化降解甲基橙

采用水热还原法和高温煅烧法将Cu₂O生长到石墨型氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）表面,制得Cu₂O-g-C₃N₄异质结复合光催化剂。通过XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、DRS、PL、BET等技术对催化剂进行了表征,研究了Cu₂O-g-C₃N₄降解甲基橙的光催化性能及主要活性物种。实验和表征结果表明： Cu₂O与g-C₃N₄面面接触,两相间化学作用强烈;Cu₂O-g-C₃N₄催化剂能有效利用太阳光,电子-空穴得到有效分离;当n（Cu₂O）∶n（g-C₃N₄）=5∶1时,Cu₂O-g-C₃N₄催化剂的活性最佳,在可见光下反应30 min时,甲基橙降解率达84.1%;Cu₂O-g-C₃N₄具有较好的活性稳定性,重复使用6次,甲基橙降解率降至64.7%;电子-空穴是Cu₂O-g-C₃N₄光催化降解甲基橙的主要活性物种。     

Determination of total and bioaccessible metals in airborne particulate matter from an urban and a rural area at Sarajevo

Airborne particulate matter of up to 10 µm collected at an urban and a rural area at Sarajevo in 2013 and 2014 was acid digested for determination of total concentrations or extracted with synthetic gastric juice for the bioaccessible fractions of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn and determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and V were higher at the urban site, while those of Cd, Ni, and Zn were virtually equal at both sites. The average bioaccessible fractions exhibited the following trend at both sites: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cr > V > Ni > Cd. Enrichment factors and daily intake of metals by inhalation were calculated.     

磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙溶液的研究

以磷钨酸为光催化剂,在紫外灯照射下,对模拟染料废水甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解反应;研究了催化剂加入量、甲基橙初始质量浓度、外加TiO2和氧化剂H2O2、KIO4对甲基橙溶液光催化脱色效果的影响。结果表明:100mL20mg/L甲基橙溶液光催化剂最佳用量80m g;在较低浓度下,甲基橙溶液的光催化降解反应符合一级动力学方程;在特定条件下,(TiO2+H3PW12O40)/UV、(H2O2+H3PW12O40)/UV和(KIO4+H3PW12O40)/UV光催化体系对甲基橙溶液光催化脱色效果优于H3PW12O40/UV光催化体系。     

改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附

通过批量实验研究了改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附特性.Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程被用于分析吸附等温数据,准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型和颗粒扩散模型被用于吸附动力学实验数据分析.结果表明,改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,最大吸附量达到71.43 mg·g^-1;颗粒扩散模型能够很好地描述改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附动力学过程,水溶液中染料的初始浓度、颗粒直径、颗粒量及搅拌速度对吸附速率均产生一定的影响.改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附作用主要发生在颗粒的外表面.     

钛基二氧化铅电极的制备及其对甲基橙的降解

以电沉积法制备Ti/PbO_2电极,采用SEM、XRD、XPS等检测方法分析了Ti/PbO_2电极表面的形貌、物相及元素化学态,发现电极表面镀层的晶相主要为β-PbO_2,并且PbO_2镀层的底层晶胞致密、大小均匀;活性层晶胞粗糙度较大,比表面积大。通过测定电极在甲基橙溶液中的析氧极化曲线得到其析氧电位在1.8V vs.SCE左右,有较高析氧过电位。并采用该电极作阳极,对10mg/L的甲基橙溶液进行降解。结果表明:在电流密度为36mA/cm~2下处理12min可使甲基橙的去除率接近100%,有较高的电催化活性。     

微乳液法合成掺硫纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,硫脲为掺硫前驱物,采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（Triton X-100）/正己醇/环己烷/氨水的微乳液体系合成了掺硫的纳米TiO2粉体;对其结构进行了表征,以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了其光催化性能。烧结温度通过影响TiO2的晶型转变和颗粒尺寸来影响其光催化性能,随着烧结温度的升高,TiO2的光催化性能先是提高,然后迅速降低;在600℃烧结2 h时催化剂的降解性能达到最佳。掺杂硫可提高TiO2的光催化活性,随着掺杂量的增加,催化剂对甲基橙的降解率先快速增加然后缓慢降低,当掺杂量为S/Ti（摩尔比）=0.01∶1时TiO2的光催化降解效果最好。催化剂在用量较小时迅速提高TiO2的光催化降解性能,而后随着用量的增大反而降低,当催化剂用量为1.5 g/L时,对甲基橙的降解效果最好。     

Electrochemical incineration of high concentration azo dye wastewater on the in situ activated platinum electrode with sustained microwave radiation

In this study, an in situ microwave activated platinum electrode was developed for the first time to completely incinerate the azo dye simulated wastewater containing methyl orange. The experiments were carried out in a circulating system under atmospheric pressure. Azo bond of methyl orange was partly broken on Pt, certain decoloration was reached, and the total organic carbon was not removed effectively without microwave activation. However, methyl orange was mineralized completely and efficiently on the in situ microwave activated Pt. 2,5-Dinitrophenol, p-nitrophenol, hydroquinone, benzoquinone, maleic and oxalic acids are the main intermediates during degradation of methyl orange. Aromatic products are the main substances leading to the poisoning of Pt and decrease of electrochemical oxidation efficiency, so methyl orange removal can not be carried out thoroughly. However, the intermediates were broke down quickly with in situ microwave activation promoting the mineralization of methyl orange on Pt.     

陶瓷负载Ag、Ce共掺杂TiO_2光催化剂降解甲基橙的研究

以陶瓷为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了银离子和铈离子共掺杂TiO2的负载型光催化剂——T-AC/陶瓷,研究了pH值、双氧水用量、催化剂用量、紫外灯强度、废水的初始浓度等因素对T-AC/陶瓷光催化剂降解甲基橙染料废水的影响。结果表明,当pH为2、双氧水用量为0.5 mL/100 mL、催化剂用量为3 g/L、紫外灯功率为20 W、废水初始浓度为10mg/L时,甲基橙的降解率可达85.9%,并且甲基橙的光催化降解属于一级动力学方程,T-AC/陶瓷催化剂有较高的活性和稳定性,在废水处理中具有较好的应用前景。     

植物作为反硝化碳源

研究得到一种新型的筛选反硝化碳源的方法:可以通过比较材料浸出液的C/N值,筛选出有效的反硝化碳源;对芦苇秸秆、梧桐黄叶、梧桐绿叶、橘树叶、玉米秸秆和玉米芯6种材料浸出液的C/N值进行了研究,其中当以叶片作为反硝化固相碳源时,应该选取新鲜叶片作为研究对象。橘树叶和玉米芯均属于良好的反硝化碳源。以驯化后的河泥作为反硝化污泥,可以利用橘树叶或者玉米芯作为反硝化固相碳源,进行持续脱氮除磷反应,其中橘树叶脱氮效果强于玉米芯,而玉米芯除磷能力强于橘树叶。扫描电镜实验表明,橘树叶和玉米芯均适合作为生物膜载体。     

沸石负载Cu_2O光催化剂降解甲基橙

采用化学沉积法,以Cu SO4·5H2O和Na2SO3为原料,以人造沸石为载体,在HAC-Na AC缓冲溶液中制备了沸石-Cu2O复合型光催化剂。在仿日光光源照射下,分别从降解时间、甲基橙初始浓度及初始p H、降解温度等不同方面考察了对复合光催化剂降解甲基橙的影响。结果表明,当甲基橙初始浓度为25 mg/L、初始p H在7.00~10.00之间,降解温度为40℃,复合型光催化剂对甲基橙的降解效果最好;样品重复性使用实验表明,沸石-Cu2O复合光催化剂在可见光区具有良好的光催化活性和稳定性;离子干扰实验证明,Cl-浓度控制在1.2 g/L之内时对甲基橙降解效果影响较小。