Ultrasensitive determination of carbendazim in water and orange juice using a carbon paste electrode

A carbon paste electrode was used for the electrochemical quantification of carbendazim in water and orange juice samples. Carbendazim oxidation on the electrode surface was found to be controlled by adsorption. The novel electrochemical procedure for carbendazim quantification employed differential pulse voltammetry using a carbon paste electrode under optimal conditions. Carbendazim oxidation currents were linear at concentrations of 2.84 to 45.44 µg L^?1, with a limit of detection of 0.96 µg L^?1. The proposed method was applied to carbendazim quantification in ultrapurified water, river water, and orange juice. Recovery rates in water and orange juice samples were in the 97%–101% range, indicating that the method can be employed to determine carbendazim in these matrices, with advantages including shorter analysis time and lower cost than routine methods such as chromatography or spectroscopy. The electrode showed good reproducibility, remarkable stability, and especially good surface renewability by simple mechanical polishing. The recovery rates observed were highly concordant with those obtained for high-performance liquid chromatography, having a relative standard deviation of less than 1.3%.     

银钛共负载型光催化材料降解甲基橙废水简

以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法对其进行负载,制备出不同类型的光催化材料（TiO₂-EP、Ag⁺-TiO₂-EP）,并在模拟日光条件下,研究其对甲基橙溶液的降解效果。结果表明,浸渍3次且担载0.04% Ag⁺的负载型TiO₂光催化活性最高,在光催化剂用量为0.3 g,20 mL初始浓度为10 mg/L甲基橙溶液光照4 h后降解率可达81.6%,且甲基橙的光催化降解服从一级动力学方程。回收3次后仍有较强的活性,其2 h降解率为24.8%。     

橘子皮皂化改性及其对重金属离子的吸附

以农林废弃物橘子皮(OP)为原料,经氢氧化钠皂化处理,得到了改性橘子皮生物吸附剂(MOP),并将其用于对水溶液中重金属离子的吸附.研究了氢氧化钠溶液浓度、浸泡时间对改性产物产率和吸附性能的影响;通过扫描电镜、红外光谱分析,化学耗氧量、比表面积、Zeta电位的测定等方法研究了橘子皮皂化改性的机理.结果表明,橘子皮用0.2...     

负载Ni炭气凝胶粒子电极电催化氧化处理甲基橙废水的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备负载Ni炭气凝胶,将炭气凝胶作为三维电极电化学反应装置的粒子电极处理模拟甲基橙废水,研究了电解时间、电压、粒子电极质量和粒子电极种类等各种因素对甲基橙降解效果的影响,确定了最佳处理条件.研究表明,在炭气凝胶中负载金属Ni可提高其孔容及比表面积,同时增强对甲基橙废水的电催化氧化能力.在最优操作条件下,废...     

Activated carbon/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticle composite: fabrication, methyl orange removal and regeneration by hydrogen peroxide

In the water treatment field, activated carbons (ACs) have wide applications in adsorptions. However, the applications are limited by difficulties encountered in separation and regeneration processes. Here, activated carbon/Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle composites, which combine the adsorption features of powdered activated carbon (PAC) with the magnetic and excellent catalytic properties of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, were fabricated by a modified impregnation method using HNO₃ as the carbon modifying agent. The obtained composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption isotherms and vibrating sample magnetometer. Their performance for methyl orange (MO) removal by adsorption was evaluated. The regeneration of the composite and PAC-HNO₃ (powdered activated carbon modified by HNO₃) adsorbed MO by hydrogen peroxide was investigated. The composites had a high specific surface area and porosity and a superparamagnetic property that shows they can be manipulated by an external magnetic field. Adsorption experiments showed that the MO sorption process on the composites followed pseudo-second order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm date could be simulated with both the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The regeneration indicated that the presence of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is important for a achieving high regeneration efficiency by hydrogen peroxide.     

TiO2/粉煤灰的制备及光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,以粉煤灰微珠为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/粉煤灰光催化剂.负载于粉煤灰表面的TiO2平均粒径约为7nm,晶型为锐钛矿型,该催化剂在太阳光下降解初始浓度为10mg·l-1的甲基橙,经6h,甲基橙的降解率可达98.9%,将其应用于实际样品的测定,经3h降解率可达96.1%,显示出优越的光催化降解性能.     

超声波协同活性碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解AO7

采用超声波(US)和活性碳纤维(ACF)协同活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7).在US/ACF/PMS体系中,当ACF投加量为0.3 g·L~(-1),n(PMS)/n(AO7)为20/1,US功率密度为10 W·cm~(-2)时,反应30 min后,AO7完全降解.其中,初始pH对AO7降解有较大的影响,pH为2.0时AO7降解效果最好;Cl~-对US/ACF/PMS体系降解AO7有促进作用,Cl-浓度越高,AO7降解速率越快;且ACF在重复使用4次时,协同US活化PMS对AO7仍具有较好的脱色率.通过总有机碳分析发现,US/ACF/PMS体系对染料AO7具有一定的矿化率.采用紫外可见光谱、气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对AO7降解过程进行了分析,表明AO7分子中偶氮键及萘环结构均被破坏,并进一步矿化为CO_2和H_2O.     

La3+-TiO2/斜发沸石光催化剂的制备及其对甲基橙的光催化性能

以钛酸丁酯、La2O3、斜发沸石为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La^3＋ -TiO2/斜发沸石光催化剂。利用红外光谱、热重-示差扫描量热、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等方法对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标物,太阳光为光源,对光催化剂的性能进行了评价。实验结果表明：w（La3＋）=0.5%的光催化剂经400℃热处理3h后对甲基橙的光催化效果最好,甲基橙的降解率达92%;反应温度越高,降解率越高,40℃下反应3h时的降解率达97%;溶液pH为5时,降解率达92%。     

零价铁-过硫酸盐体系同时去除水中酸性橙7和磷

采用零价铁(ZVI)活化过硫酸盐(PS)同时去除水中酸性橙7(AO7)和磷.ZVI-PS体系可以产生强氧化性的SO·-4和HO·,从而去除水中AO7.同时,ZVI最终转化为Fe3+,因此可以用来去除水中磷.结果表明,ZVI-PS体系在酸性条件下可以有效的同时去除水中AO7和磷.淬灭实验结果表明,硫酸根自由基(SO·-4)对AO7的降解起主要作用.水中共存的阴离子和腐植酸(HA)对AO7和磷的去除均有抑制作用,其对AO7和磷去除的抑制能力排序均为:HCO-3 NO-2 HA NO-3 Cl-.AO7和磷在超纯水中的去除率高于其他实际水体,但反应60 min后,实际水体中AO7和磷的去除率也分别高达80.31%～92.69%和87.54%～100%,因此,该体系对实际水体中AO7和磷的处理有潜在的应用价值.通过紫外-可见分光光谱和GC-MS分析说明,AO7经过偶氮键断键后的中间产物进一步氧化形成含苯环类物质.同时,TOC有所降低,说明部分AO7被矿化为CO2和H2O.     

秸秆活性炭活化过一硫酸盐降解酸性橙7

将磷酸氢二铵((NH_4)_2HPO_4)作为活化剂制备秸秆活性炭(SAC),并用其活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7).首先对活化前后的SAC进行FTIR表征,发现(NH_4)_2HPO_4活化后的SAC含氧官能团特征峰强度增强,可能有利于过一硫酸钾的活化.其次研究了活化剂浓度、SAC投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH、抑制剂对AO7降解效果的影响.结果表明,AO7脱色率随着活化剂浓度、SAC投加量、PMS浓度的增加而增加;同时在偏中性条件下,有利于SAC活化PMS脱色AO7;加入相同物质的量比(2000/1)的甲醇、叔丁醇、苯酚,55 min内AO7脱色率分别为88.4%、66.2%、13.4%,苯酚对反应抑制效果最好,表明SAC表面的硫酸根和羟基自由基在AO7脱色中起主要作用.最后通过紫外光谱扫描、气质联用(GC-MS)和TOC分析表明,AO7的偶氮键和萘环结构被破坏,生成含苯环类中间产物,最终矿化为二氧化碳和水,矿化率可达31.7%.