呋虫胺对斑马鱼胚胎-幼鱼生长发育及细胞凋亡的影响

第三代新烟碱类农药呋虫胺作为超高效、广谱性杀虫剂在水稻、蔬菜和水果上广泛应用,因其水溶性高,对水生生物的毒性不容忽视。本研究以斑马鱼胚胎为对象,参考OECD标准,在胚胎受精后30 min内,采用静态法染毒,观察其24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h的生长发育情况,根据死亡数计算呋虫胺对斑马鱼96 h-LC_(50),采用吖啶橙染色(acridine orange fluorescent,AO-F)和原位末端标记法(TUNEL)2种方法,检测其对斑马鱼96 hpf(hour post-fertilization,hpf)幼鱼的细胞凋亡情况。结果表明:呋虫胺对斑马鱼胚胎的96 h-LC_(50)为10.36 g·L~(-1)(95%置信区间为7.76~12.93 g·L~(-1)),属于微毒;较高浓度的呋虫胺能使斑马鱼的摆尾数、内心率、孵化率降低,对生长发育有延迟的作用,可导致部分斑马鱼色素褪去,出现心包囊肿、卵黄囊肿和尾部畸形的现象。且随着浓度的升高,在斑马鱼头部、腹部、尾部均有明显的细胞凋亡情况加重,其中以心脏和内耳尤为明显,呈规律的剂量-效应关系。     

负载型三维粒子电极降解甲基橙模拟废水研究

采用负载型活性炭为填充电极的三维电极法处理甲基橙模拟废水,研究了不同粒子电极的处理效果,考察了影响模拟废水中色度与COD去除率的因素,探讨了甲基橙降解的反应动力学,并运用紫外-可见吸收光谱初步研究了甲基橙的降解机理.结果表明,负载锰的氧化物的粒子电极处理效果最好,降解3h后,色度与COD去除率分别达95%与80%;通过单因素实验确定的最佳实验条件:槽电压12V,初始pH值为3,辅助电解质浓度0.05mol/L.反应动力学分析显示,甲基橙降解反应表现为一级反应动力学.紫外-可见吸收光谱分析结果表明,以负载型活性炭为粒子电极的三维电极法对模拟废水中的色度与COD具有很好的降解效果.     

TeO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液的研究

采用自制的TeO2 掺杂TiO2 作为催化剂 ,研究了各种因素对TeO2 掺杂TiO2 催化超声降解甲基橙的影响。研究结果表明在TeO2掺杂TiO2 作用下超声降解甲基橙的效果明显优于非掺杂TiO2 的情况。 1 .5 %掺杂的催化剂用量在 1 .5～ 2 .0g/L之间 ,超声波频率 2 5kHz,输出功率 1 .0w/cm2 ,pH为 1 .0～ 3 .0时 ,初始浓度 2 0mg/L的条件 ,80min基本可全部降解 ,COD的去除率也达到了 99.0 %。     

UV/Fe3+/H2O2体系降解活性艳橙X-GN废水的研究

采用UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系光解活性艳橙X-GN模拟废水,考察了X-GN,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度、初始pH值及温度对光解的影响,探讨了X-GN的降解途径和机理.结果表明,在8W低压汞灯(λ＝254nm)照射下,UV/Fe3 /H2O2能够有效地降解X-GN,在pH=3.0,T=50 ℃,时间为120 min,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度分别为2.5×10-5 mol·l-1和1.5×10-4 mol·l-1时,对含200 mg·l-1 X-GN模拟废水的色度去除率和矿化率分别达到100%和90.15%.用IC和GC/MS对X-GN降解的中间产物和最终产物进行分析,推导出UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系中X-GN降解的途径和机理.     

磁场强化铁碳微电解降解甲基橙的研究

铁碳微电解技术因其操作简单、生态环保和经济高效等优势,常被用于印染废水的治理研究,但该技术存在COD去除率低和适用p H范围窄的问题。为了克服以上问题,引入磁场强化技术。通过批试验,系统考察了初始p H、初始甲基橙浓度、转速和温度等对磁场强化铁碳微电解去除甲基橙过程的影响。研究结果表明:磁场能够显著提升铁碳微电解去除甲基橙和COD的效率,且拓宽了p H的适用范围。结合SEM、XRD和电化学技术表征,阐明了磁场强化铁碳微电解去除甲基橙的机理是磁场能够加速铁碳微电解的腐蚀,产生大量二价铁,从而强化还原去除甲基橙。本研究提出了一种新的强化铁碳微电解高效去除污染物方法。     

陶瓷负载Ag、Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化剂降解甲基橙的研究

以陶瓷为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了银离子和铈离子共掺杂TiO2的负载型光催化剂——T-AC/陶瓷,研究了pH值、双氧水用量、催化剂用量、紫外灯强度、废水的初始浓度等因素对T-AC/陶瓷光催化剂降解甲基橙染料废水的影响。结果表明,当pH为2、双氧水用量为0.5 mL/100 mL、催化剂用量为3 g/L、紫外灯功率为20 W、废水初始浓度为10mg/L时,甲基橙的降解率可达85.9%,并且甲基橙的光催化降解属于一级动力学方程,T-AC/陶瓷催化剂有较高的活性和稳定性,在废水处理中具有较好的应用前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备复合光催化剂（MWNTs/TiO_2）工艺条件的研究

以多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）为载体,在煅烧温度200~900℃、煅烧时间1~7 h、溶胶体系pH值为2~10的工艺条件下,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合光催化剂（MWNTs/TiO2）。通过其对甲基橙的光催化降解效果对比,评价各种复合光催化剂催化活性之间的差异,结果表明,随着煅烧温度的升高,复合光催化剂中纳米TiO2的晶型由锐钛型逐渐向金红石型转变,500℃时为2种晶型的混合相;pH值为2的强酸性条件有利于形成金红石晶型,pH值为5的中性及弱酸性条件则有利于形成锐钛型,而pH值为3时为2种晶型的混合相;在煅烧温度500℃、煅烧时间3 h、溶胶凝胶体系pH值为3的最佳制备工艺条件下,复合光催化剂催化活性最高,借助扫描电镜发现其TiO2均匀地包覆在多壁碳纳米管管壁上。     

微乳液法合成掺硫纳米TiO2及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,硫脲为掺硫前驱物,采用聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(Triton X-100)/正己醇/环己烷/氨水的微乳液体系合成了掺硫的纳米TiO2粉体;对其结构进行了表征,以甲基橙为目标降解物考察了其光催化性能.烧结温度通过影响TiO2的晶型转变和颗粒尺寸来影响其光催化性能,随着烧结温度的升高,TiO2的光催化性能先是...     

H3PMo12O40/活性白土UV - H2O2催化氧化降解甲基橙

采用浸渍吸附法制备了H3PMo12O40/活性白土催化剂,并考察了H3 PMo12O40/活性白土对偶氮染料甲基橙的UV-H2O2降解的催化性能.实验结果表明,当H2O2加入量为0.4 mol/L、H3PMo12O40/活性白土加入量为0.30 g/L、溶液初始pH为2、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为1.0h时,甲基橙去...     

Photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants in aqueous solution by Bi(4)Nb(x)Ta((1-x))O(8)I

In this work, Bi₄Nb_xTa_(1−x)O₈I photocatalysts have been synthesized by solid state reaction method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of these photocatalysts was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solutions under visible light, UV light and solar irradiation. The effects of catalyst dosage, initial pH and MO concentration on the removal efficiency were studied, and the photocatalytic reaction kinetics of MO degradation as well. The results indicated that Bi₄Nb_xTa_(1−x)O₈I exhibited high photocatalytic activity for the removal of MO in aqueous solutions. For example, the removal efficiency of MO by Bi₄Nb_0.1Ta_0.9O₈I was as high as 92% within 12 h visible light irradiation under the optimal conditions: initial MO concentration of 5-10 mg L⁻¹, catalyst dosage of 6 g L⁻¹ and natural pH (6-8), the MO molecules could be completely degradated by Bi₄Nb_0.1Ta_0.9O₈I within 40 min under UV light irradiation, and the photodegradation efficiency reaches to 60% after 7 h solar irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) was also investigated under visible light irradiation. It is found that 99% BPA could be mineralized by Bi₄Nb_0.1Ta_0.9O₈I after 16 h visible light irradiation. Through HPLC/MS, BOD, TOC, UV-Vis measurements, we determined possible degradation products of MO and BPA. The results indicated that MO was degradated into products which are easier to be biodegradable and innocuous treated, and BPA could be mineralized completely. Furthermore, the possibility for the photosensitization effect in the degradation process of MO under visible light irradiation has been excluded.