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481.
生物滴滤池净化二氯甲烷废气的实验研究 总被引:20,自引:4,他引:16
在φ50mm生物滴滤池内进行了二氯甲烷废气净化的实验研究.由工厂活性污泥经驯化培养得到菌种,进一步接种、在填料表面挂膜,接种和挂膜约需30d.滴滤池内装填聚丙烯散堆填料,废气和循环液在滴滤池内逆流操作,循环液pH值为7.0±0.5,温度维持在28.5±2℃的条件下,生物膜系统能较好地适应进口浓度的变化.在气体空床停留时间为15.7s、二氯甲烷进口浓度为0.7~3.12g/m3的范围内,去除效率为72.0%~99.1%.滴滤池中的酸性环境对二氯甲烷的降解具有明显抑制作用. 相似文献
482.
483.
微塑料对环境中有机污染物吸附解吸的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微塑料已成为新的全球性环境污染问题。作为强吸附剂,微塑料可以吸附共存的有机污染物,进而改变其环境行为和毒性;也可以通过解吸作用促进污染物在不同介质中的迁移。因而,微塑料与有机污染物的相互作用强度和机理是全面评估两者的环境风险和深度研究微塑料毒性机制的必要信息。目前微塑料研究处于快速发展的起始阶段,加之微塑料本身成分、粒径、表面风化情况的复杂性及共存有机污染物的多样性使两者的相互作用十分复杂,亟需理清微塑料吸附解吸作用的影响因素和相关机制。因而,本文详细综述了微塑料对有机污染物吸附解吸作用的研究进展,并着重从微塑料性质(成分、粒径和表面风化)、有机污染物性质和水环境介质性质方面探讨了吸附的影响因素和相互作用机制,希望为微塑料吸附有机污染物及吸附的后续影响研究提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
484.
Perceived changes in well-being and happiness with gardening in urban organic allotments in Portugal
Urban allotment gardens (AG) in Portugal have increased in recent years, as in many other European countries and worldwide. The contribution of these gardens to the happiness and well-being of urban populations has been recognized, but evaluations of their benefits are still very scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate this contribution, based on the urban organic AG of the Devesa Park in Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal. The sample included 65 gardeners who completed the self-administered questionnaires of Bem-Estar Pessoal (personal well-being scale), Felicidade Subjetiva (subjective happiness scale) and sociodemographic characteristics. Respondents were mainly adults under 65 years, married and academically well qualified and about half of them had a professional activity, with nearly one third being retired. They considered themselves happy with their life (Personal Well-being Index = 74.5%) and revealed an optimistic and positive attitude towards life, regardless of economic or social difficulties. The increased frequency of visits for gardening was positively related to a greater perception of subjective happiness. The gardeners who visited the AG more frequently considered themselves happier from a self-perspective and in comparison with peers. It can be suggested that urban organic AG represent a means for enhancing citizen well-being, contributing positively to their feelings of happiness and life satisfaction, changing behaviours and developing personal capacities. Beyond economic measures, urban AG can be recommended to capture the well-being of societies. 相似文献
485.
Péter Batáry Lynn V. Dicks David Kleijn William J. Sutherland 《Conservation biology》2015,29(4):1006-1016
Over half of the European landscape is under agricultural management and has been for millennia. Many species and ecosystems of conservation concern in Europe depend on agricultural management and are showing ongoing declines. Agri‐environment schemes (AES) are designed partly to address this. They are a major source of nature conservation funding within the European Union (EU) and the highest conservation expenditure in Europe. We reviewed the structure of current AES across Europe. Since a 2003 review questioned the overall effectiveness of AES for biodiversity, there has been a plethora of case studies and meta‐analyses examining their effectiveness. Most syntheses demonstrate general increases in farmland biodiversity in response to AES, with the size of the effect depending on the structure and management of the surrounding landscape. This is important in the light of successive EU enlargement and ongoing reforms of AES. We examined the change in effect size over time by merging the data sets of 3 recent meta‐analyses and found that schemes implemented after revision of the EU's agri‐environmental programs in 2007 were not more effective than schemes implemented before revision. Furthermore, schemes aimed at areas out of production (such as field margins and hedgerows) are more effective at enhancing species richness than those aimed at productive areas (such as arable crops or grasslands). Outstanding research questions include whether AES enhance ecosystem services, whether they are more effective in agriculturally marginal areas than in intensively farmed areas, whether they are more or less cost‐effective for farmland biodiversity than protected areas, and how much their effectiveness is influenced by farmer training and advice? The general lesson from the European experience is that AES can be effective for conserving wildlife on farmland, but they are expensive and need to be carefully designed and targeted. 相似文献
486.
通过3年田间试验,比较分析了草莓有机与无机种植系统的能流、经济流及对土壤环境的影响。结果表明,有机系统草莓产量、经济效益均高于无机系统;有机系统能量产投比仅为无机系统的25%,但投入的绝大部分为可再生能源;有机系统土壤有机质、微生物量高于无机系统,具有更好的土壤条件 相似文献
487.
本文运用了生态经济学的原理,对草莓在有机和无机种植系统内能量流动、物质转化以及经济效益进行了比较研究。结果表明:两处理区施用几乎相同氮量的有机肥(175kg/hm ̄2)和无机肥(164kg/hm ̄2),其有机区草莓的生长发育、产量均明显好于无机处理区;有机草莓的光能利用率和氮素产出/投入分别比无机草莓提高了64.24%和57.72%;同时证明,优质有机肥可改善草莓的良用品质,并提高经济效益。 相似文献
488.
489.
水体颗粒物以及土壤对有机物吸附常数的测定 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
本文介绍了用批量平衡测定水体悬浮颗粒物以及土壤对有机物吸附常数的测定方法,并给出实例和方法的注意事项。 相似文献
490.
蔬菜施不同肥料对产量和土壤肥力的贡献 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
为控制施肥对蔬菜和土壤的负面影响,充分利用施肥对土壤肥力的保护功能,探讨蔬菜合理的有机肥施用量,在不同质地土壤上,田间试验小白菜、苦瓜、豇豆三种蔬菜施不同量有机肥,收获时测定其产量、品质及试验前后的土壤有机质质量分数。结果表明,(1)在施适量无机NPK的条件下,每造蔬菜的有机肥(禽畜粪便,下同)施用量,砂土上小白菜为4500kg/hm^2、苦瓜和豇豆为3000kg/hm^2;在壤土上,小白菜和苦瓜均宜施3000kg/hm^2,豇豆则宜施4500kg/hm^2;在粘土上,小白菜每造只宜施1500~3000kg/hm^2的有机肥。(2)有机肥必须与无机肥合理配合施用,才能获得最佳的产量和品质效果。(3)施有机肥3000-4500kg/hm^2 适量无机肥可使土壤有机质水平保持在种植蔬菜前的质量分数水平,该施肥量和方式不仅可使蔬菜高产、优质,还有利于保护土壤肥力。(4)对蔬菜产量的贡献,有机肥和化肥配合施用的处理对蔬菜产量的贡献最大,来自土壤的效应由小到大依次为有机肥和化肥配合施用→化肥→有机肥,进一步反映合理施肥有利于保护土壤肥力。 相似文献