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511.
512.
Miglioranza KS Aizpún de Moreno JE Moreno VJ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2004,11(4):227-232
BACKGROUND: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been dispersed ubiquitously in the environment. Bottom sediments act as sinks for these compounds and their concentrations often reflect the degree of anthropogenic pollution. This study was designed to evaluate the occurrence and distribution of OCPs in superficial streambed sediments and their relation to land use in two creeks that contribute to the coastal pollution of the southeastern region of Argentina. METHODS: Sampling sites were selected by a combination of land use and stream type. Las Brusquitas creek, which passes through vast agricultural areas, and La Tapera creek which originates in a natural wetland and passes through horticultural farming and urban areas. OCPs quantification was carried out by GC-ECD. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results showed similar total OCP concentrations in sediments from both creeks in the range of 6-25 ng/g dry wt. However, when OCPs were expressed in ng/g total organic carbon (TOC), La Tapera creek presented 4-fold higher total levels as a consequence of a higher OCP input during the recent past in that watershed. La Tapera outfall showed 4-fold higher levels than that seen in Las Brusquitas, although both values were below the sediment quality criteria demanded to protect wildlife. Sigmaendosulfans, sigmaDDTs and sigmachlordanes were the main OCP group in all samples, with Endosulfan sulfate being the most frequent and abundant compound. The predominance of metabolites with respect to parent compounds suggests a contamination mainly by runoff from aged and weathered agricultural soils. CONCLUSIONS: Despite OCPs being banned, they still exist in creek sediments from the studied region, representing continuous contributions of land-based source contaminants to the marine environment. OUTLOOK: Future research on OCP levels in suspended sediments is recommended in order to determine the total OCP concentrations in the selected stream systems. 相似文献
513.
Removal of organophosphorus pesticides from water by electrogenerated Fenton's reagent 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Elodie?Guivarch Nihal?Oturan Mehmet?A.?OturanEmail author 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(3):165-168
Aqueous solutions of organophosphorus pesticides were completely mineralized via in-situ generated hydroxyl radicals (HO·) by the Electro-Fenton process. Formation of Fenton's reagent (H2O2, Fe2+) was carried out by simultaneous reduction of O2 and Fe3+ on carbon cathode in acidic medium. The electrochemistry combined with Fenton's reagent provides an excellent way to continuously produce the hydroxyl radical, a powerful oxidant. We demonstrate the efficiency of the Electro-Fenton process to degrade three organophosphorus insecticides: malathion, parathion ethyl and tetra-ethyl-pyrophosphate (TEPP). Degradation kinetics and removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) have been investigated. Here we show that the mineralization efficiency was over 80% for three organophosphorus pesticides. 相似文献
514.
515.
建立了加速溶剂萃取-气相色谱质谱法同时测定34种有机氯农药(OCPs)和18种多氯联苯类化合物(PCBs)的方法。当取样量为10. 0 g时,52种有机化合物的检出限为0. 03~0. 29μg/kg,以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,平均回收率为44. 7%~123. 0%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为1. 8%~21. 5%。该方法灵敏度高,实现了低浓度有机化合物的定量分析,分析结果准确可靠,满足土壤和沉积物中34种有机氯农药和18种多氯联苯类化合物分析的要求。 相似文献
516.
城市污水处理厂水样中菊酯类农药残留分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
建立了基于C18固相萃取柱和气相色谱/电子捕获(GC/ECD)分析水体中环境激素类物质——菊酯类农药的分析方法,并对方法的回收率、灵敏度进行了评价,同时分析了北京市高碑店、北小河两个城市污水处理厂进水与出水中菊酯类农药的浓度,研究发现在其废水中存在联苯菊酯、氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯,浓度在0.013~0.920μg/L之间。结果表明,曝气活性污泥法对菊酯类农药的去除效果较好。方法对菊酯类农药的回收率达到67.7%~96.2%,方法检测限为0.010~0.015μg/L。 相似文献
517.
Modeling global emissions and residues of pesticides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
518.
Pesticides and Nitrate in Groundwater and Rainwater in the Province of Limburg in The Netherlands 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. M. S. van Maanen M. A. J. de Vaan A. W. F. Veldstra W. P. A. M. Hendrix 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,72(1):95-114
The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence ofhigh levels of pesticides in groundwater and rainwater in TheProvince of Limburg in The Netherlands. In groundwater samplesin particular the presence of triazines – atrazine, simazine and propazine – was observed; besides these pesticides, dieldrin has also been observed. Atrazine and simazine were found to exceed the groundwater standard of 100 ng L-1. In the rainwater samples, the presence of 13 of 23 different analyzed pesticides was observed. A number of pesticides werefound in high concentrations; e.g. atrazine (>200 ng L-1). Two pesticides detected in rainwater (+-HCH and atrazine) were found to exceed the groundwater standard. Seven pesticides in rainwater were found to exceed the target value and three pesticides the maximum tolerable risk value (DDT, heptachlor and heptachlorepoxide A), which are used as ecotoxicological standards in The Netherlands.Nitrate in 15 of 16 analyzed natural springs was found toexceed the guideline value for nitrate in drinking waterof 50 mg L-1, up to levels of about 200 mg L-1. Nitrate concentrations in rainwater samples were observed up to 4.5 mg L-1. A risk analysis of exposure to high pesticide levels in groundwater or rainwater has been performed using the model HESP. For atrazine levels due todeposition of rainwater in two different locations, exceedance of the T.D.I. level of 0.5 g kg-1 day-1 based on WHO criteria was observed for children using both an urban and a rural scenario and use of groundwater as drinking water. 相似文献
519.
建立了气相色谱法测定海洋生物体中乐果、甲基对硫磷和马拉硫磷残留量的方法.海洋生物体中有机磷农药残留用丙酮经超声波提取、弗罗里硅土净化后,用DB-1701毛细管色谱柱分离,火焰光度检测器(FPD)直接测定.在鱼、虾、贝类等样品中添加浓度为0.008×10-6、0.08 ×10-6和0.8×10-6的回收率(n=11)范围为72.6%~112%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.7%~9.0%,乐果、甲基对硫磷和马拉硫磷的检出限分别为0.002×10-6、0.002×10-6和0.004×10-6.本方法具有灵敏、快速、简便等特点,能满足海洋生物体中有机磷农残的监测要求. 相似文献
520.
文章建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和气相色谱,电子捕获(GC/ECD)分析水体中有机氯农药的方法.并对方法的回收率、灵敏度进行了评价,同时分析了北京市燕山石油化工有限公司五个典型企业排放废水中有机氯农药的浓度,发现存在六六六(HCHs)。滴滴涕(DDT)等有机氯污染物,在5个采样点的水样中有机氯农药的浓度为(0.76-14.S)ng/L。其中六六六、滴滴涕的含量分别为(0.76~10.5)ng/L和(4.89-14.8)ng/L。方法对有机氯农药的空白加标回收率达到74.6%-118.4%。方法检测限为(0.27~2.90)ng/L。 相似文献