BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO TWO ESTUARINE FISH SPECIES SUBJECTED TO BIS (tri-n-butyltin) OXIDE1

ABSTRACT: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the avoidance responses of juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis and Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus to bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide. An avoidance responses was exhibited by striped bass at a total organic tin concentration of 24.9 μg/L. Atlantic menhaden exhibited avoidance to total organic tin concentrations of 5.5 μg/L and greater. Atlantic menhaden are generally more sensitive to toxicants than striped bass; therefore, avoidance responses reported in this study are not surprising. It is highly likely that the concentrations of total organic tin that were avoided by the test species in this study were much higher than expected environmental concentrations. Ecologically significant hazards may occur due to potential effects that unperceived or non-avoided organotin concentrations may have on behavioral responses mediated by chemosensory systems.     

天然水体中有机锡的富集分离方法

对天然水体中有机锡的来源、生物效应及研究意义进行了大致介绍，主要对富集分离技术做了较为系统的综述。富集分离技术是降低检出限、提高灵敏度的前提和重要途径，因此是有机锡分析方法研究中的重点。     

有机锡的消解方法研究

对几种消解剂的性能做了比较 ,选用溴化剂对有机锡进行消解 ,消解效率可以达到 80 %以上。利用氢化物发生 -原子荧光光谱法测定消解后的锡 ,方便快捷。该方法相对标准偏差为 2 .6 4 % ,检出限为 7.5 3ng·mL-1。应用于实际样品的测定 ,获得了满意的结果。     

球形红假单胞菌对三苯基锡的降解性能研究

以1株对三苯基锡(triphenyltin,TPT)有高耐受性的球形红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonos spheroids)X-5为对象,进行TPT的微生物降解实验,研究了R.spheroids对TPT降解特性.结果表明,R.spheroids对TPT有良好降解效果.30℃是其最佳生长温度,对TPT的降解活性...     

SPE-GC-MS法对渤海水体中有机锡化合物的痕量分析

摘要：文中采用GC-MS仪器测定方法对海水中六种不同形态有机锡化舍物进行分析。在确定的GC-MS测定方法基础上得到SPE条件优化：选择NH。DDC鳌合剂,用5％的甲醇为携带剂,流速15ml／min,萃取温度45℃,萃取压力300bar,萃取时间为15min．     

Butyltin compounds in sediment and fish from the Polish Coast of the Baltic Sea

Concentrations of mono- (MBT), di- (DBT), and tri-(TBT) butyltin compounds were measured in eggs, liver, and muscle of nine species of fish from four regions of the Baltic Sea - the Firth of Vistula, the Gulf of Gdańsk, Puck Bay, and the mouth of the Vistula River. The overall concentration ranges among all the fish sampled from the four sites were: < 7 to 79 ng/g for MBT, 6 to 1100 ng/g for DBT, 7 to 3600 ng/g for TBT, and 16 to 4800 ng/g for total BTs, on a wet wt basis. The highest concentration of total BTs was found in herring liver from the Firth of Vistula (4800 ng/g, wet wt) and in roach muscle from Puck Bay (3300 ng/g, wet wt), while the least concentration was found in burbot eggs and liver from the Vistula River (39 and 32 ng/g, wet wt, respectively). TBT was the major form of BTs present in most samples analyzed. Sediment samples collected from shipyards in the Gulf of Gdańsk contained butyltin concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 46 μg/g (dry wt) for MBT, 2.0 to 42 μg/g for DBT, and 2.6 to 40 μg/g for TBT. As with the fish, the majority of the BTs in sediment were present as TBT, which suggested recent exposure of the aquatic environment of the region to TBT.     

Correlation relationships of molar refraction and ten topological indices for 47 organotin compounds

Correlation relationships of 10 topological indices and molar refraction for 47 structurally-complicated organotins which included 16 ionic compounds R_mSnX_4-m and 31 covalent ones R₄Sn that is 41 aliphatic compounds(15 unsaturated and 26 saturated)and 6 aromatic ones were studied.Suitability of these ten topological parameters for describing the structure of elemental organic compounds was then evaluated according to the correlation results.Two lately improved molecular connectivity indices(MCIs)-radius-corrected MCI ¹X^r and bond-length-corrected MCI ¹X^b were applied and proved to be most suitable for the structure expression in QSA(P)R studies of organotins or other elemental organic compounds.     

深圳蛇口港及其临近海域海水有机锡污染

以正己烷为萃取剂、四乙基硼化钠为衍生剂对海水样品进行同步化液-液萃取衍生反应,采用气象色谱-火焰光度检测法进行有机锡定性及定量分析,研究了深圳市蛇口港及其临近海域受有机锡污染的状况.结果显示,在所测定的海水中均检测出了三丁基锡、二丁基锡和一丁基锡化合物,三者的平均浓度分别为80、62和49 ng·L-1但本方法可能不适合三苯基锡的定性定量分析.港区个别站位海水三丁基锡浓度高达152 ng·L-1在深圳湾海水样品中还检测出了信号极强的多个未知峰,表明深圳蛇口港及临近海域海水有机锡的污染程度已经较为严重.蛇口港区有机锡污染可能与繁忙的航运以及珠江口水域存在的普遍性有机锡污染有关,而深圳湾有机锡污染一方面可能是来自蛇口港区有机锡污染的扩散,另一方面可能来自深圳河的排污.位于深圳湾的国家级红树林及鸟类自然保护区是一个对生物多样性的维持及侯鸟的保护都极为 重要的湿地生态系统,该海区受有机锡污染问题需要引起高度重视,长期的有机锡污染必将对该湿地生态系统造成严重危害.     

有机锡污染调控对策初步分析

评述了有机锡化合物的生产与使用情况。有机锡污染及对生物的毒性效应、有机锡研究现状与趋势,并在此基础上初步提出了我国控制有机锡污染的对策与建议。     

有机锡的生物富集作用与生物效应

作为船只防污漆有效成分的有机锡化合物广泛存在于港口、海洋中，而生物富集是其迁移转化的重要途径之一。本文综述了有机锡特别是毒性最强的三丁基锡化合物在一些生物体内的检出水平、富集系数以及可能对生物造成的危害。