UF-RO-NF应用于电镀镍漂洗废水回用中试研究

采用“UF-RO-NF”中试装置处理电镀镍漂洗废水,在周期运行的工况下,考察其浓淡水回用效果以及膜通量变化情况。研究表明,该套系统淡水COD、Ni离子、电导率的平均值为70.6 mg/L、2.93 mg/L、91.1μs/cm^2,远低于该生产车间镀镍漂洗水,可以回用。浓水COD、Ni离子、电导率相对于漂洗水均有4倍以上的浓缩效果,具有一定的回用价值。整个系统在试验运行10个周期内膜通量保持不变。     

超滤/反渗透双膜技术深度处理印染废水

由于印染废水具有高盐度,可生化性差,使常规方法难于处理完全.采用超滤和反渗透双膜技术处理实际印染废水,考察了不同超滤膜对废水的预处理性能,研究了BW30和CPA2两种反渗透膜在不同操作条件下对印染废水的处理效果,并分析了相关膜通量下降的原因.结果表明,超滤能有效地去除废水浊度和大分子有机物,为反渗透提供良好的进水水质.两种反渗透膜的产水化学需氧量(COD)均小于10 mg/L,电导率小于80/μS/cm,其对有机物和盐的去除率分别可达99%和93%以上,显示该产水能回用于大部分印染工序.BW30膜产水水质稍好于CPA2,但通量低于CPA2.     

反渗透阻垢剂YSW-21对硫酸钙的阻垢性能

以丙烯酸为主要单体合成了反渗透阻垢剂YSW-21。通过静态实验法研究了YSW-21对CaSO4的阻垢性能及影响因素。在Ca^2＋质量浓度为7067mg／L、SO4^2-质量浓度为7000mg/L、YSW-21加入量为8mG／L时．YSW-21对CaSO4的阻垢率达91％;在25℃、YSW-21加入量仅为4mg/L时的作用效果长达102h以上;在7500mg/L的高Ca^2＋质量浓度下,YSW-21的阻垢性能优于常用进口阻垢剂大湖135。     

不同细菌分泌物及其反渗透膜污堵特性比较

反渗透(RO)工艺在城市污水再生处理中的应用越来越多,但膜污堵严重影响了该工艺的稳定运行.溶解性微生物产物(SMP)是造成RO膜污堵的最主要的有机物.本文以再生水厂RO膜面分离的两种细菌Pseudomonas sp. AM1-1和Chromobacterium sp.AM1-2的SMP为研究对象,比较了两者SMP的组成成分及其对RO膜的污堵能力.结果发现,在葡萄糖培养基中培养至稳定期后,两者产生的SMP中多糖与蛋白质比例均约为1∶1,AM1-1的SMP中多糖和蛋白质均呈双峰式分布,分布于大于10~5Da和小于10~3Da两个范围;AM1-2的SMP中,多糖分子量呈双峰式分布,主要分布于大于10~6Da的范围,有少量小于10~3Da,蛋白质分子量小于10~3Da.通过RO错流过滤污堵实验装置考察了两种SMP对RO膜的污堵特性,发现SMP中大分子有机物的分子量与SMP的膜污堵潜力密切相关,有机物分子量越大,SMP的膜污堵潜力越高,而多糖和蛋白质的比例并不是决定SMP膜污堵潜力的关键.因此,减少SMP中的大分子量物质(特别是大分子多糖)在RO膜表面的沉积,是缓解SMP造成的RO膜污堵的关键.     

电导率对厌氧产酸、正渗透与微生物燃料电池耦合工艺运行性能的影响

将厌氧产酸(AA)、正渗透技术(FO)与微生物燃料电池(MFC)进行耦合,构建了用于污水处理的AAFO-MFC耦合工艺,实现污水的同步产电和回用.由于电导率是AAFO-MFC运行的关键因素,考察了电导率对系统运行性能的影响.结果表明,较高的电导率可以降低MFC的内阻,提高产电,但是会加重FO膜污染,导致FO膜通量快速衰减,缩短运行时间.电导率对出水水质并没有显著影响,FO膜出水的总有机碳(TOC)和总磷(TP)浓度分别低于4 mg·L~(-1)和0.5 mg·L~(-1),但是FO膜对于氨氮(NH+4-N)的截留效果较差.控制反应器内电导率为7~8 m S·cm-1时,系统整体性能表现最佳,可以获得连续且相对稳定的输出电压,而且FO膜通量下降较为缓慢,运行周期达到29 d.     

Pilot study for the treatment of sodium and fluoride-contaminated groundwater by using high-pressure membrane systems

High-pressure membrane process is one of the cost-effective technologies for the treatment of groundwater containing excessive dissolved solids. This paper reports a pilot study in treating a typical groundwater in Huaibei Plain containing excessive sodium, sulfate and fluoride ions. Three membrane systems were set up and two brands of reverse osmosis (RO), four low-pressure RO (LPRO) and one tight nanofiltration (NF) membranes were tested under this pilot study. An apparent recovery rate at about 75% was adopted. Cartridge filtration, in combination with dosing antiscalent, was not sufficient to reduce the fouling potential of the raw water. All RO and LPRO systems (except for the two severely affected by membrane fouling) demonstrated similar rejection ratios of the conductivity (~98.5%), sodium (~98.5%) and fluoride (~99%). Membrane fouling substantially reduced the rejection performance of the fouled membranes. The tight NF membrane also had a good rejection on conductivity (95%), sodium (94%) and fluoride (95%). All membranes rejected sulfate ion almost completely (more than 99%). The electricity consumptions for the RO, LPRO and NF systems were 1.74, 1.10 and 0.72 kWh?m^-3 treated water, respectively. The estimated treatment costs by using typical RO, LPRO and tight NF membrane systems were 1.21, 0.98 and 0.96 CNY?m^-3 finished water, respectively. A treatment process consisting of either LPRO or tight NF facilities following multi-media filtration was suggested.     

Simultaneously recovering electricity and water from wastewater by osmotic microbial fuel cells: Performance and membrane fouling

Since the concept of the osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC) was introduced in 2011, it has attracted growing interests for its potential applications in wastewater treatment and energy recovery. However, forward osmosis (FO) membrane fouling resulting in a severe water flux decline remains a main obstacle. Until now, the fouling mechanisms of FO membrane especially the development of biofouling layer in the OsMFC are not yet clear. Here, the fouling behavior of FO membrane in OsMFCs was systematically investigated. The results indicated that a thick fouling layer including biofouling and inorganic fouling was existed on the FO membrane surface. Compared to the inorganic fouling, the biofouling played a more important role in the development of the fouling layer. Further analyses by the confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) implied that the growth of biofouling layer on the FO membrane surface in the OsMFC could be divided into three stages. Initially, microorganisms associated with ß-D-glucopyranose polysaccharides were deposited on the FO membrane surface. After that, the microorganisms grew into a biofilm caused a quick decrease of water flux. Subsequently, some of microorganisms were dead due to lack of nutrient source, in the meantime, polysaccharide and proteins in the biofouling layer were decomposed as nutrient source, thus leading to a slow development of the biofouling layer. Moreover, the microorganisms played a significant role in the formation and development of the biofouling layer, and further studies are needed to mitigate the deposition of microorganisms on FO membrane surfaces in OsMFCs.

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曝气生物滤池—超滤—反渗透工艺处理石化综合废水实例

以某石化公司为例,综合废水水质参数：CODcr≤80mg/L,BOD5≤15mg/L,电导率=800~1550μS/cm,浊度≤6NTU,水温25~35℃,采用曝气生物滤池—超滤—反渗透工艺处理。运行结果表明,处理后出水CODcr≤50mg/L,BOD5≤10mg/L,电导率≤50μS/cm,浊度≤5NTU,达到工业循环冷却水补水标准。     

膜集成技术在水处理中的应用

膜技术是一种高效、低能耗和易操作的液体分离技术,在水处理领域有很好的应用前景.但由于废水的复杂性,单一膜技术很难达到处理要求,而且容易导致膜的污染及损坏.介绍了几种常见的膜集成技术在水处理中的应用,着重介绍了微滤/超滤与反渗透集成技术的应用.     

沸石负载型TiO2处理炼化反渗透浓缩水的研究

利用沸石负载型二氧化钛对炼化企业的反渗透浓缩水进行研究,考察了催化剂对浓缩水的处理效果及影响降解的因素。由实验结果可知:沸石负载型二氧化钛对反渗透浓缩水TOC降解率达到67.4%,降解浓缩水的最佳条件为:pH值为4～6,温度30～40℃,光照时间2.5h,催化剂投加量为1.5g/L。实验为浓缩水处理技术的发展提供了新的依据。