反渗透工艺在冷轧废水脱盐处理的应用

利用反渗透工艺对冷轧废水生化处理废水进行处理,获得了较好的脱盐效果。选取进水含盐量、回收率、pH值对系统脱盐率的影响。结果表明:当进水电导率为1 360μs/cm时,系统脱盐率可达94.7%;进水电导率为3 353μs/cm时,系统脱盐率为85.9%。当系统回收率低于77%时,除盐率受其影响较小在90%左右,但是若进一步增加系统回收率,则脱盐效果显著下降。当进水pH值越高脱盐效果越高,但为降低结垢风险,本系统进水pH值控制在7.1左右。     

反渗透法处理土霉素结晶母液的研究

土霉素结晶母液经调节ｐＨ值后的水经预滤后进行反渗透处理,可使污染物去除率达９９％以上,排放水ＣＯＤｃｒ１５３ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＢＯＤ１０７ｍｇ／Ｌ水可以回用或达标排放。     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术研究

根据处理工艺原理的不同 ,分别介绍生化和物化处理技术、膜处理技术、土地处理技术和蒸发处理技术等处理工艺研究与应用的进展情况 ,同时根据我国填埋场渗滤液的产生特点和处理处置现状 ,展望了我国渗滤液处理工艺的发展趋势。     

Hydrochemistry of drinking water sources and water purifiers in relation to epidemiological study in Hisar,North-West India

The concern related to the drinking of reverse osmosis (RO) water containing low levels of minerals is growing day by day. This study involves the analysis of water samples from various drinking water sources in a rural site, Mirchpur village, an Indus Valley civilization site (grid location: 29° 18′ 42.3″ N, 76° 10′ 33.0″ E) of Hisar, India, along with the health survey of human subjects. The hydrochemistry of water collected from hand pumps, river canals, tube wells, submersibles, and the RO systems installed in various homes was explored for pH, EC, TH, TDS, turbidity, cations (Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), anions (CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, F⁻), and elements (Fe, Pb, Se) employing the ion chromatography, flame photometry, and ICP-AES techniques. Lead (Pb) and Selenium (Se) were detected in trace amounts (0.30–2.6 μg L⁻¹; 0.10–4.1 μg L⁻¹, respectively) in all the samples, including the samples collected from RO purifiers, but Iron (Fe) was not detected in RO samples even in trace amounts. The F-levels in hand pump water (HPW) and submersible water (SW) (1.9  and 1.7 mg L⁻¹, respectively) and TDS levels in SW (3048 mg L⁻¹) were found to be above WHO and BIS safe limits. TDS levels in the river canal (900 mg L⁻¹), tube well (1104 mg L⁻¹), hand pump (1170 mg L⁻¹), and submersible samples (3048 mg L⁻¹) were found significantly higher as compared to the RO personal water (ROPW; 216 mg L⁻¹) and RO supply water (ROSW; 90 mg L⁻¹). The collected epidemiological data reveals that 21%, 19%, 13%, and 12% of natives reported skin, kidney, hair fall, liver, and stomach issues, respectively, suspecting the crucial role of high TDS and fluoride levels in the area. This study also provides a comparison between the quality of RO and the direct supply water, along with correlation matrices for different parameters, which gives a rationale for the limitations of drinking direct supply water without any purification and RO water containing low mineral content.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液中药物和个人护理品的存在与去除

采用固相萃取–高效液相色谱/串联质谱法,分析上海市某生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中7种典型药物和个人护理品（PPCPs）的浓度水平,并考察该填埋场的渗滤液处理工艺对目标PPCPs的处理效果.结果表明,所建立的分析方法具备较好的回收率（89%~173%）、相对标准偏差（<20%）和方法检出限（0.025~1.0μg/L）,能满足实际环境样品的分析需要.应用该方法检测到渗滤液中目标PPCPs的含量在低于检出限（90%,总去除率可达到97%以上,出水PPCPs浓度范围为     

钢铁行业废水零排放技术探索

针对钢铁行业废水特点,分析了目前钢铁行业各工序及全厂主要废水污染控制措施,重点分析了二级反渗透工艺的主要流程及进出水水质,以及该工艺存在的主要问题。通过对大型钢铁集团的现场调研,以太钢采用的反渗透和蒸发结晶工艺为例分析了钢铁行业真正实现废水零排放的技术可行性。该技术可以很好解决钢铁行业浓盐水的外排问题。     

不同pH值下腐殖酸反渗透膜污染中的界面相互作用解析

应用extended derjaguin-landau-verwey-overbeek (扩展DLVO) 理论评价不同pH值下范德华力、静电力、疏水性力3种界面相互作用对腐殖酸反渗透(reverse osmosis, RO)膜污染的贡献,探究pH值影响腐殖酸RO膜污染的主控机制.对3种常规RO膜的理论分析结果表明,静电力对腐殖酸RO膜污染的贡献很小,范德华力使膜污染加剧;疏水性力会减缓膜污染.与前期粘附阶段相比,后期粘聚阶段中范德华力的贡献有所增大,疏水性力在2个污染阶段中均起主导作用.膜污染随pH值的降低而加重,疏水性力作用能的改变是pH值影响系统界面自由能的主控机制.相应pH值下3种RO膜过滤实验数据及其相关性分析结果表明,扩展DLVO理论能定量评价3种界面相互作用的贡献,界面自由能和膜污染之间有很好的相关关系,RO膜纯水接触角的数值不宜作为评价膜污染的指标.     

臭氧-活性炭技术处理炼化企业RO浓水

采用臭氧-活性炭技术对炼化企业RO浓水进行实验研究。通过研究该废水在不同pH、臭氧投加量、臭氧接触时间、投加催化剂、活性碳吸附时间和活性碳投加量条件下RO浓水中COD的去除效果,确定臭氧-活性炭工艺处理炼化企业RO浓水的工艺参数。结果表明:在pH为8,臭氧投加量为75 mg/L,臭氧接触时间为5 min,催化剂KMnO4的投加量为35 mg,活性炭吸附时间为150 min,活性炭投加量为4 g/L时,臭氧-活性炭技术对RO浓水中COD处理效果达到最佳,总去除率为58%。     

MBR-RO组合工艺污水回收中试研究

以A2/O-MBR为预处理工艺,构建了MBR-RO组合系统并用于城市污水的直接处理与回收,考察了MBR工艺作为RO预处理的可行性,评价了RO膜的出水水质,分析了不同操作条件对RO膜的渗透性能及膜污染的影响.研究表明,RO出水平均值为TOC＜1.3 mg/L、NH 4-N＜0.03 mg/L、TN＜0.1 mg/L,TP未检出,电导率和浊度分别小于30μS/cm和0.12 NTU,MBR出水中的无机离子已被RO完全截留,MBR-RO系统具有很高的污染物降解能力和脱盐能力,其出水水质可达饮用水水质标准.MBR作为RO的预处理是完全可行的,连续6个多月的运行中RO膜污染表现不严重.     

淮南谢桥煤矿矿井水深度处理技术的选择

简述了煤矿高矿化度矿井水的主要深度处理技术及它们的特点和发展情况,并举例说明了这些深度处理技术目前的运用现状。结合实际情况,说明淮南矿业集团谢桥煤矿选择反渗透技术在矿井水脱盐的优势以及产生的经济、社会和环境效益。