Marine aquaculture regulates dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes in a typical semi-enclosed bay of southeastern China

Marine aquaculture in semi-enclosed bays can significantly influence nutrient cycling in coastal ecosystems. However, the impact of marine aquaculture on the dynamics of dissimilatory nitrate reduction processes (DNRPs) and the fate of reactive nitrogen remain poorly understood. In this study, the rates of DNRPs and the abundances of related functional genes were investigated in aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas. The results showed that marine aquaculture significantly increased the denitrification (DNF) and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates and decreased the rate of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANA), as compared with non-aquaculture sites. DNF was the dominant pathway contributing to the total nitrate reduction, and its contribution to the total nitrate reduction significantly increased from 66.72% at non-aquaculture sites to 78.50% at aquaculture sites. Marine aquaculture can significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of sediment and the abundances of related functional genes, leading to variations in the nitrate reduction rates. Although nitrate removal rates increased in the marine aquaculture area, ammonification rates and the nitrogen retention index in the aquaculture areas were 2.19 and 1.24 times, respectively, higher than those at non-aquaculture sites. Net reactive nitrogen retention exceeded nitrogen removal in the aquaculture area, and the retained reactive nitrogen could diffuse with the tidal current to the entire bay, thereby aggravating N pollution in the entire study area. These results show that marine aquaculture is the dominant source of nitrogen pollution in semi-enclosed bays. This study can provide insights into nitrogen pollution control in semi-enclosed bays with well-developed marine aquaculture.     

不同环境因素对厌氧甲烷氧化型自养反硝化系统脱氮性能的影响及其微生物群落分析

采用序批实验研究了不同环境因素(甲烷供应、初始硝氮浓度和pH值)对厌氧甲烷氧化型反硝化系统脱氮性能的影响,并采用高通量测序对不同pH下反应器内微生物群落结构进行了分析.结果 表明:当甲烷供给充足时,系统反硝化效果明显;随着初始硝氮浓度的升高,系统平均脱氮率呈现先升高后下降的趋势,表明适当增大硝氮质量浓度(＜30 mg·...     

光催化材料在环保领域中的应用进展

光催化氧化材料能有效地降解有机污染物，已成为研究的热点。综述了光催化材料的反应机理和种类，阐述了影响光催化反应的条件和提高反应的效率等问题以及其在环保领域的应用，并提出了其今后的发展方向。     

Free radical oxidation of spent radioactive organic solvent

ＦｒｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｐｅｎｔｒａｄｉｏａｃｔｉｖｅｏｒｇａｎｉｃｓｏｌｖｅｎｔＪｉＸｉａｏｙｕａｎ，ＺｈａｏＢｉｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＥｎｅｒｇｙＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，ＴｓｉｎｇｈｕａＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅ...     

活性炭脱硫研究 (Ⅰ)SO2-N2-O2体系中SO2的氧化反应动力学

通过测定不同时间活性炭上的ＳＯ３蓄积量，以Ｌｎｇｍｕｉｒ－Ｈｉｎｓｈｅｌｗｏｏｄ方法进行了动力学方程的推导，发现整个过程可分为具有不同反应机理的两个阶段，在ＳＯ３蓄积量小的情况下，ＳＯ３对ＳＯ２和氧的吸附不产生影响；在ＳＯ３蓄积量达到一定限度后，同晟为一种阻抑物质，同时还获得了吸附平衡常数和反应速率常数。     

提高生物膜法处理洗漂废水效果的方法

以 60 0 0m3/d的洗漂废水处理厂为例 ,阐述了通过改进工艺方法 ,能使废水处理效果更加良好 ,运行更加稳定 ,单位水量处理成本更经济。     

微波诱导氧化处理雅格素红BF-3B150%染料废水的研究

以颗粒活性炭为催化剂 ,建立了微波诱导氧化工艺 ,对雅格素红BF 3B15 0 %染料废水进行了有效处理 .分别考查了废水初始浓度、微波功率、微波辐照时间、活性炭粒径、活性炭用量和废水pH值对废水处理效果的影响 .该工艺对稀释 10 0倍后的实际废水 (原水COD为 2 82 4 0mg·L-1)最佳处理工艺条件为 :微波辐照时间 6min、微波辐射功率 6 5 0W、活性炭用量为 8g、活性炭粒径 2 0目以下 ,微波诱导催化氧化在酸性条件下比在碱性条件下的处理效果要好 .在此工艺条件下 ,废水脱色率达99 6 %、COD去除率达 96 8% .微波辐射雅格素红染料废水脱色表观反应动力学研究表明 ,该反应近似一级反应 ,动力学常数为 0 735 1min-1,半衰期为 0 94min .微波诱导氧化、活性炭吸附和单纯微波辐射 3种不同工艺的对比实验表明 ,微波诱导氧化工艺具有明显的优越性 ,且不会对环境造成二次污染     

炼油污水回用深度处理的工艺研究

通过大量的试验数据 ,对常规深度处理工艺与悬浮填料生物接触氧化工艺的处理效果进行比较 ,找出一种适合于石化公司炼油污水回用的深度处理工艺。由于该公司炼油污水在同行业中具有代表性 ,因此本研究可以作为相关污水回用处理工艺选择的参考     

The oxidation of octanoic acid by cultured amniotic fluid cells: The effect of cell type and passage number

We have measured the rate of oxidation of [1⁻¹⁴C]octanoate in cultured amniotic fluid (AF) cells at various passages and in AF cell lines with different clonal morphology. It is possible that both the passage number and the cell type may influence the outcome of prenatal diagnosis of fatty acid oxidation defects using this technique. We found that there was no significant difference between the three major AF cell types (epithelial, large epithelial, and fibroblast) when analysed at identical passage number but there was a significant reduction in octanoate oxidation in all cell types with increasing passage. For reliable prenatal diagnosis, cell lines of similar low passage number should be used.     

Preparation and characterization of a novel blue-TiO2/PbO2-carbon nanotube electrode and its application for degradation of phenol

In this study, we fabricated a blue-TiO₂/PbO₂-carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode in which blue TiO₂ nanotube arrays (blue-TNA) served as the substrate for PbO₂-CNT eletrodeposition. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed compact surface structure of the electrode. The β-PbO₂ crystal structure was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The distribution of Pb, O, C, and Na elements on the electrode surface have been confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Blue-TiO₂/PbO₂-CNT electrode had higher response current (213.12 mA), larger active surface area and lower charge transfer resistance (2.22 Ω/cm²) than conventional TiO₂/PbO₂-CNT electrode. The influences of current density, initial phenol concentration, initial solution pH, and Na₂SO₄ concentration on the electrochemical oxidation of phenol have been analyzed. The results showed that the 100 mg/L phenol could be destroyed completely after 210 min, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate was 89.3% within 240 min. Additionally, the electrode showed long actual lifetime (5468.80 hr) and low energy consumption (0.08 kWh/gCOD). A phenol degradation mechanism was proposed by analyzing the intermediate products with high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Importantly, the blue-TiO₂/PbO₂-CNT electrode exhibited superior stability and high degradation efficiency after 15 times reuse, demonstrating its promising application potential on phenol-containing wastewater treatment.