Variations among rice cultivars on root oxidation and Cd uptake

In order to understand the mechanisms on the variation between rice cultivars in Cd uptake and accumulation, two pot soil experiments were conducted with typical rice cultivars that varied greatly in soil Cd uptake. The experiments with six rice cultivars showed that the root oxidation abilities of rice differed with rice cultivars and also with types of the cultivars, the cultivars with indica consanguinity were significantly higher than the cultivars with japonica consanguinity. Root oxidation abilities of the rice cultivars correlated positively and significantly （P〈0.01） with their Cd concentrations and Cd quantity accumulations in rice plants. The experiments with two rice cultivars showed that significant differences also existed between the two cultivars in pot soil redox potentials, which of Shan you 63 （higher soil Cd accumulator） were significantly higher than that of Wu yun jing 7 （lower soil Cd accumulator） under different soil Cd levels, but the degrees of the differences varied with soil Cd levels. The differences were larger under soil Cd treatments than the control. The results indicate that root oxidation ability, especially in Cd contaminated soil, is one of the main mechanisms which dominate Cd uptake and accumulation by rice plant.     

Simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a continuous-flow two-sludge system

The ability of simultaneous biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal was investigated in a lab-scale continuous-flow two-sludge system. Alternating anaerobic and anoxic conditions were combined with contact oxidation stage for treating raw municipal wastewater. Long-term experiments showed that the contradiction of competing for the organic substrate between denitrifying bacteria and PAOs （phosphorus accumulating organisms） in traditional phosphorus and nitrogen removal system has been resolved. The system can adapt to low influent COD/TN ratio （C/N）. Furthermore the SRT （sludge retention time） of nitrifying sludge and denitrifying phosphorus removal sludge can be controlled at optimal conditions respectively. The removal efficiency of COD, TP, TN, and NH4-N was 81.78%, 92.51%, 75.75%, and 84.47% respectively. It was also found that the appropriate influent C/N should be controlled at the range of 3.8-6, while the optimal C/N to the system ranged between 4-5, and the BFR （bypass sludge flow rate） should be controlled at 0.35 around.     

微电解-催化氧化-吸附法处理二硝基苯废水

二硝基苯生产废水具有硝基苯类化合物浓度高,盐量高,难降解等特点.CODCr的平均质量浓度为10 g/L,含盐量达30 g/L.采用微电解-催化氧化-吸附法对该废水进行处理.结果表明:经微电解处理后硝基苯类物质的去除率可达90%以上,铁碳还原后的废水再经催化氧化和活性炭吸附后,废水的CODCr去除率达到96%,硝基苯类物质、色度的去除率接近100%,出水可达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)规定的三级排放标准,是一种效果良好的二硝基苯类废水的处理方法.     

克拉玛依城市污水处理工艺分析

克拉玛依南郊污水处理厂采用Orbal氧化沟工艺处理城市生活污水.该工艺构筑物少,操作简便,抗冲击负荷能力强,能适应不同水质水量的冲击.利用该工艺处理的废水出水稳定,出水污染物浓度远低于国家二级排放标准(GB18918-2002),且可以进行污水的二次利用.介绍了该工艺的设计指标、流程、各处理构筑物和设备,对设计特点和处理效果进行了分析.     

高浓度难降解有机废水低压湿式催化氧化处理

在湿式空气氧化法和Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂的基础上,研究了一种新的低压湿式催化氧化法．该法与湿式空气氧化法相比,压力为０．１－０．６ＭＰａ,而后者压力为３．５－１０ＭＰａ;温度小于１８０℃;与Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ法相比,当Ｈ２Ｏ２ＣＯＤ（重量比）小于１．２时,对ＣＯＤ大于１４０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的含酚废水,ＣＯＤ去除率提高２０％以上,试验证实硫酸在加温、加压（０．１－０．６ＭＰａ,１０４－１６５℃）条件下对Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂除ＣＯＤ具有协同作用．用该法还进行了部分染料和农药废水处理研究．     

液相催化氧化净化低浓度SO2生产复肥研究

以氨气作为SO_2吸收辅助原料,在中性条件下,就Fe、Cu、Mn、Co四种有利作物生长的金属离子对SO_2水溶液的催化氧化特性做了研究,结果表明,当SO_2吸收效率≥85％时,可得到的(NH_4)_2SO_4母液浓度高达56(Wt％),母液浓缩结晶后得到三种复肥产品,产品成分符合作物使用要求.     

水中烷基苯磺酸钠的催化氧化处理研究

研究水中烷基苯磺酸钠的催化氧化过程,所用氧化剂为ＮａＣｌＯ;催化剂为通过实验筛选的“ＴＵ”型催化剂。水中烷基苯磺酸钠的催化氧化降解过程用红外光谱作了分析,同时,也分析了诸因素对水中烷基苯磺酸钠去除效果的影响规律。研究结果表明,“ＴＵ”型催化剂对水中的烷基苯磺酸钠有较好的催化氧化能力,去除率通常可达８０％左右,经催化氧化后,水中的烷基苯磺酸钠几乎全部被氧化成为简单的无机物和微量的羰基化合物。     

藻类污染生态学研究进展

文章首先对藻类污染生态学的发展历史作了简单回顾,接着对其主要研究领域（水污染对藻类的影响和藻类净化水质）及研究成果进行了综述,在此基础上指出了其今后的发展趋势。     

载体制备方法对贵金属催化剂Ru/ZrO2催化湿式氧化性能的影响

蒸煮处理水合氢氧化锆制备了ZrO20A;将水合氢氧化锆静置过夜制得ZrO2-B;以此两种载体通过初湿浸渍法制得Ru／ZrO2催化剂．在BET测试中,ZrO2-A载体及其相应催化剂的比表面积远高于ZrO2-B载体及相应催化剂．TPR表明Ru／ZrO2-A中Ru的分散性更好,金属与载体的相互作用更为紧密．以苯酚和乙酸水溶液为模拟废水进行催化剂的评价,结果表明,Ru／ZrO2-A无论是在反应活性还是稳定性上均优于Ru／ZrO2-B．     

含铁矿物与UV联合催化H2O2深度处理印染废水

分别以天然含铁矿物黄铜矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿为催化剂,构建了UV-异相类Fenton体系处理实际印染废水生化出水,确定了最优反应条件,并对反应机理进行了初步探讨。实验结果表明:最佳条件下,以黄铜矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿为催化剂的3种异相UV-类Fenton体系对废水的COD去除率分别可达58.83%、57.41%和60.57%,UV254去除率均大于94%;3种天然矿物在重复使用5次后对废水COD的去除率仍保持在50%以上,光催化活性稳定;该体系产生·OH的途径主要有催化剂表面的Fe(Ⅱ)催化H_2O_2分解、H_2O_2光解、溶出的Fe~(2+)催化H_2O_2分解3种,以前两种方式为主。