Production,respiration and net ecosystem metabolism in U.S. estuaries

Primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) are useful indicators of ecosystem level trophic conditions within estuaries. In this study, dissolved oxygen data collected every half hour between January 1996 to December 1998 by the National Estuarine Research Reserve System Wide Monitoring Program were used to calculate primary production, respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism. Data from two sites at each of 14 Reserves were analyzed. On average, three quarters of the data available could be used to calculate metabolic rates. Data from two of the Reserves were used to evaluate the assumption of homogeneity of water masses moving past the oxygen sensor. Temperature was the single most important factor controlling metabolic rates at individual sites, although salinity was also important at about half the sites. On an annual basis, respiration exceeded gross primary production demonstrating that all but 4 of the 28 sites were heterotrophic.     

Status and Trends of Dissolved Oxygen in Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, U.S.A.

The purpose of this studywas to determine status and long-term trends of dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) in Corpus Christi Bay, Texas, U.S.A. A 20-year record of randomized stations was used to determine the trend of surface water DO, salinity, and temperature over space and time. A 13-year record of two fixed stations was used to determine the temporal nutrient trends. A 10-year record of fixed stations in the southeastern region of Corpus Christi Bay was used to determine the status of disturbance caused by low DO in bottom waters. From 1982 to 2002, there was a significant decrease in surface water DO at a rate of 0.06 mg L⁻¹ yr⁻¹ and a significant increase in surface water temperature at a rate of 0.07°C yr⁻¹. The southeastern region of Corpus Christi Bay had the lowest average DO, and during July and August, DO are steadily declining at a rate of 0.09 mg L⁻¹ yr⁻¹. It is not likely that eutrophication is causing hypoxia, because freshwater inflow rates have significantly decreased since 1941 and nutrient levels have not changed from 1987 to 2000. Even though long-term trends indicate that average surface DO is decreasing, disturbance by hypoxia appears to be stable, but this may be due to just eight years of data. In fact, if the current trend continues, surface water DO will not meet exceptional aquatic life standards (≤5 mgL⁻¹) in 2032.     

标准BOD5测定法的"空气净化--稀释水曝气"装置研究

"稀释与接种法"是BOD5的标准测定方法,制备溶解氧接近饱和且不含能干扰生化耗氧过程的物质的稀释水,是该法重要的工作之一.由真空泵带动的"空气净化--稀释水曝气"装置,流程合理、装配容易、调控灵活,可连贯进行空气净化与稀释水曝气,而制取符合质量要求的稀释水.     

石油化工工业区区域废水中COD_（Cr）和COD_（Mn）的相关性研究

连续同时监测天津市大港石化发展规划区区域废水中的ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ，并考查其线性相关性后得出ＣＯＤＣｒ＝４．９６ＣＯＤＭｎ＋１１６．３，相关系数为０．７５０。该回归方程适用于类似石油化工工业区区域废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ和ＣＯＤＭｎ间的换算     

BOD微生物膜的再利用研究初探

对失去大部分活性的微生物膜进行再培养,以研究膜再利用的可能性。试验结果初部表明:在1/2MS培养基中加入一定量的植物激素,不仅可以使膜的电位值(I0)显著升高,且活性强,稳定性好,可使膜重复利用。     

BOD5测定方法的研究

通过对比实验，对BOD5的测定方法进行研究，探索用氧电极法测定BOD5的可能性和可行性，对其不足之处提出相应的解决措施，使之能更适用于科研、监测教学等方面的需要。     

湿地生态环境需水量研究

分析了湿地生态环境需水量的内涵和临界阈值。探讨了湿地生态环境需水量计算方法和相关指标，对湿地生态需水量和环境需水量各种类型的主要特点，存在特征和关键指标进行了系统剖析，特别对湿地植物需水量，土壤需水量，野生生物栖息地需水量，补水需水量，防止盐水入侵需水量，防止岸线侵蚀及河口生态环境需水量，净化污染物需水量等计算方法和理论模型进行了探讨。     

溶解氧对水质变化和沉积物吸磷过程的影响

通过室内模拟实验,研究有光和黑暗条件下,富氧和缺氧环境对东太湖沉积物吸收磷酸盐过程的影响.研究结果表明沉积物能够吸收上覆水中高质量浓度的磷酸盐,但吸收量和吸收速度随环境条件的不同而不同;缺氧环境上覆水中的pH高于或略高于相同光照条件下的富氧环境;实验开始的前20d,富氧环境有利于沉积物吸附上覆水中的磷酸盐,并快速达到吸附平衡,缺氧环境则相反;实验开始20d后,有光缺氧组上覆水中磷酸盐质量浓度开始迅速下降,且明显低于其他实验条件;富氧环境沉积物中总磷的增加量高于缺氧环境,其含量顺序为无光富氧＞有光富氧＞有光缺氧＞无光缺氧;溶解氧对沉积物中铁结合态磷和钙结合态磷含量的影响较大,对有机磷含量的影响不大.     

4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅰ)单线态氧和自由基的产生

在模拟太阳光照射下，４氯苯酚（４ＣＰ）浓度迅速降低，反应过程对应着产生大量的单线态氧和自由基．金属离子Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋能够加速这一过程，尤以Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋的影响更明显；在模拟太阳光照射下，向４ＣＰ体系加入的富里酸（ＦＡ），对４ＣＰ浓度降低略起抑制作用，这表明二者之间存在相互作用．但当再加入金属离子Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋后，能够加速４ＣＰ浓度降低，尤以Ｆｅ２＋、Ｆｅ３＋的影响更显著．     

生物传感器快速测定BOD在海洋监测中的应用

选用一株耐高渗透压的酵母菌种作为敏感材料可以实现BOD的快速测定。采用海藻酸钙包埋法和聚乙烯醇包埋法两种细胞固定化方法并进行了比较。就聚乙烯醇固定化微生物进行了渗稼压和重金属离子影响的研究。