La-Cu-O/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CO和CH4氧化活性及氧性质研究

用长光路ＦＴＩＲ技术研究氟里昂替代物ＨＦＣ１５２ａ（ＣＨ３ＣＨＦ２）和ＨＣＦＣ２２（ＣＨＣｌＦ２）与ＯＨ自由基的大气光化学反应，研究了反应产物和反应机理，并对它们的环境影响和工业应用前景进行了评价．ＨＣＦＣ２２只能作为过渡性的替代物使用，而ＨＦＣ１５２ａ可以发展成为非常有价值的永久性替代物．     

茶多酚清除自由基和抗氧化作用的研究

本文用化学发光法和TBA法测定了GTP对不同反应体系产生的氧自由基的清除作用,结果表明,GTP对X/XO和PMA刺激的PMN体系中产生的化学发光强度的清除作用均有量效关系,GTP对PMA刺激的PMN和红细胞膜体系在TBA反应中产生的MDA的抑制作用亦均有量效关系。     

Demographic Effects of Collecting Rattan Cane and Their Implications for Sustainable Harvesting

Abstract:  Rattan, Old World climbing palm, is an extremely valuable nontimber forest product whose canes are gathered for both market and nonmarket uses. I evaluated the effects of harvesting commercial rattan, Calamus zollingeri Becc., on genet survival and ramet demography in two primary forest sites near Lore Lindu National Park in Sulawesi, Indonesia. I monitored 168 permanently marked C. zollingeri genets for 4 years and surveyed random transects for C. zollingeri genet and ramet populations and evidence of cane harvesting in 1996 and 2000. Cane harvesting had no significant effect on genet survival or mean ramet densities. However, current cane extraction rates significantly reduced mean cane lengths and total available cane throughout the area during the study period. Based on observed genet and ramet populations and average cane growth rates of 1.4 m/year, the sustained-yield harvesting potential of C. zollingeri is approximately 101 m and 56 m/ha/year in the two study sites. Although C. zollingeri exhibits life-history traits well suited to sustained-yield harvesting, including production of multiple canes, cane resprouting following harvest, rapid cane growth, and widespread abundance below 1100 m, current harvest rates exceed growth and yield, and supplies of cane are being depleted. Rattan harvesting is widespread in Lore Lindu National Park. Approximately 18% of the park (42,000 ha) is likely subject to intensive and unsustainable extraction of C. zollingeri.     

机械产品的绿色设计技术

本文通过对机械绿色产品的定义及内涵的描述,提出了机械产品绿色设计的基本方法和绿色设计中的主要内容及技术关键.     

Changes in Forest Use Value through Ecological Succession and Their Implications for Land Management in the Peruvian Amazon

Abstract:  Research on local use values of forests across an ecological succession informs land-use decisions and conservation planning. I evaluated use values of three age classes of secondary forest: fallow fields (<5 years old, $8.20/ha/year), young secondary forest (5–20 years old, $20.60/ha/year), and old secondary forest (>20 years old, $6.80/ha/year). I quantified daily forest product use and calculated use values in dollars per hectare per year for three communities in the northern Peruvian Amazon. I made three comparisons between forest types: number of useful species, value based on different use categories, and overall use values. Old secondary forest had the greatest number of total species present and species collected. Wood, food, and medicine were the three most valuable use categories. The value different families extracted from local forests varied enormously, but median forest values were lower for all forest types than potential gains from agricultural land use (e.g., coffee $167/ha/year). Values of different-aged stands on privately owned lands in two communities did not differ significantly, whereas in the third community, young secondary forest had a significantly greater value than other forest types. Old secondary forests were the most valuable source of wood products, and wood was the only use category in which there was any difference in the value of products extracted from different-aged forest stands. The value of all three forest types on open-access (nonprivate) lands was minimal (mean in each forest type, $0/ha/year). Local people can utilize the valuation results to develop land-use strategies that balance forest product use, agricultural productivity, and biodiversity conservation.     

From the attitude-behaviour-gap to a producer-people-gap?

The so-called attitude-behaviour-gap of ecology might have changed to a ?producer-people-gap”. In summer 2017 in Germany, the intention of private house-builders to buy an exterior insulation system based on renewable materials was measured as positive, with a mean of 5.2 on a 1–7 Likert scale. But the intentions of professionals were clearly below, e.g. craftsmen, with an average of 3.6 on the same scale – although both groups, the privates and the professionals, judged that there is a clear trend towards such products.

Because of these findings, an additional investigation of management by producers was conducted in autumn and winter 2017/2018, in which a very critical atmosphere towards renewable materials was found. It was analyzed that the managements` attitudes might not be a basic refusal of renewable material in general, but rather a fear of costs of research and development of new products.

A concept was tested, to see if it would be possible to cause an attitude change within the professional key target groups just by applying marketing instruments. Five articles in key media of this market have been published between February and May 2018. In the following evaluation (n = 150) in May 2018 significant effects of the communication have been measured: The intention of decision-makers in craftsmen`s businesses to buy an exterior insulation system based on renewable material rose significantly (0.01 Lv.) from a mean of 3.6 in 2017 to 4.4 in 2018.     

生态生产：一种重要的生产形式

生态生产指构成生态系统的各要素在相互依存、制约和作用过程中的物质循环和能量流动。一个健全的生态生产须具备两个基本条件，一是构成要素的不可缺少性或构成要素应有足够的数量保证，二是生态生产各要素之间要有一种优化协调的关系。长期以来，人们关注的主要是生态生产的社会化，而忽视了社会生产的生态化要求，结果造成社会生产与生态生产之间尖锐的矛盾，处理地社会生产与生态生产的相互关系，必须遵循物质生产和人口生产一定     

Screening life cycle assessment (LCA) of tomato ketchup: a case study

A screening life cycle assessment (LCA) of tomato ketchup has been carried out. The purpose was to identify ‘hot-spots', that is parts of the life-cycle that are important to the total environmental impact. The system investigated includes agricultural production, industrial refining, packaging, transportation, consumption and waste management. Energy use and emissions were quantified and some of the potential environmental effects assessed. Packaging and food processing were found to be hot-spots for many, but not all, of the impact categories investigated. For primary energy use, the storage time in a refrigerator (household phase) was found to be a critical parameter.     

国民生产总值“绿化”问题的综合分析

在环境科学领域中，通常把从环境的角度出发对国民生产总值ＧＮＰ进行改进的问题称为国民生产总值的“绿化”问题，本文综合地分析了国民生产总值这一指标中存在的问题和已有改进方法的不足，并提出了进一步改进的方向和应注意的问题．     

水解(酸化)——生物接触氧化处理水产品加工废水

对水解(酸化)-生物接触氧化工艺处理水产品加工废水进行了试验研究,试验结果表明在水温20℃、总HRT＞6h、进水COD值1000～1300mg/l、BOD5值510～690mg/l、SS值150～300mg/l情况下,COD去除率大于89%,BOD5去除率大于92%,SS去除率大于89%,出水COD、B0D5、SS值均达到国家二级排放标准(GB8978-1996),最高有机容积去除负荷达3.9kgCOD/m3@d.水产品加工废水经水解(酸化)处理以后BOD5/COD值可由原水的0.52提高到出水的0.67,可生化性得到显著提高.