沸石对含铬废水的处理

研究了天然沸石对含Cr3 的重金属废水的吸附与交换.考查了沸石用量,振荡时间,沉降时间,初始浓度,pH值几个条件对铬的去除的影响,并对沸石的饱和吸附量和再生进行了探讨.结果表明,天然沸石对Cr3 有很强的去除效果,并且容易再生.     

序批式曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的中试研究

报道了沸石为填料的序批式曝气生物滤池处理生活污水的中试实验,研究了曝气时间、曝气量和生活污水浓度对处理效果的影响。结果表明,沸石作曝气生物滤池的填料效果较好。曝气2h后,即可达到很好的去除效果,污水进水COD和BOD5浓度分别为300～800mg/L和170～400mg/L时,去除率分别达到90%～70%和90%～88%。进水COD浓度分别为312.6mg/L和530.6mg/L,曝气量0.6m3/h,处理2h后出水COD浓度分别为30.63mg/L和103.92mg/L,去除率>90%,出水达到污水处理二级排放标准。因此,以沸石为填料的序批式曝气生物滤池是一种高效、低耗、具有较好应用前景的单体生活污水处理设备。     

沸石与炉渣组合材料吸附农村生活垃圾渗滤液的效能及机理研究

选取沸石和炉渣作为吸附材料,探究单一材料下吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、渗滤液初始pH值对农村生活垃圾渗滤液吸附效能的影响及其机理.确定各因素最优值后,探究组合材料下吸附效能的优化条件.综合考虑试验结果,可操作性及运行成本,吸附时间120 min、吸附剂投加量为50 g·L~(-1)、渗滤液初始pH值为自然值的条件下,沸石对渗滤液中CODCr、NH_3-N、TN、TP的去除效果较好,去除率分别为37.54%、62.91%、34.48%和27.73%,炉渣对重金属Cr、As、Cd、Ni、Pb的吸附效果较好,去除率分别为81.79%、35.99%、97.26%、74.89%和91.19%.多种吸附作用中化学吸附占主导作用.组合材料对渗滤液常规污染物的去除效率较单一材料提升不大,对重金属的去除效率保持了很高的性能,实际中可考虑采用沸石与炉渣滤池串联的形式实现对渗滤液常规污染物及重金属的高效去除.     

A型和Y型分子筛在两段式热解过程中对WPCB热解油轻质化的影响

在500℃下,利用3种分子筛(4A、5A和Al_2O_3分子筛)对废弃印刷线路板(WPCBs)非金属粉末进行共催化热解试验.通过对热解三相产物产率的计算、热解油馏程分布、成分和碳数分布分析,研究不同分子筛对WPCBs热解过程中热解油轻质化效果的影响.结果表明,5A分子筛对WPCBs热解油轻质化效果最好,其中轻组分或汽油组分(馏出温度在0~200℃)含量最高,达到45%,而柴油组分(馏出温度在200~350℃)含量也达到了45%,成分主要以苯酚、异丙基苯酚和双酚A为主,选择性较好,热解油的碳数分布与汽油碳数分布相近,且热解油的含溴有机物(如2-溴苯酚)有一定的去除效果.Al_2O_3对热解油轻质化和脱溴的效果比5A分子筛稍差.而4A分子筛对热解油的轻质化效果和脱溴效果都较弱.综上所述,5A分子筛在热解油轻质化研究中具有良好的催化作用.     

沸石粉和硝化抑制剂投加对污泥堆肥过程中氮素保存和温室气体排放的影响

沸石粉能够通过对氨氮的物理吸附作用,降低堆肥过程中的氮素损失;硝化抑制剂(如3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐,DMPP)能够抑制氨氧化细菌的活性,阻止硝化反应中铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,从而从源头减少反硝化作用而造成的氧化亚氮温室气体的排放.目前国内针对沸石粉和硝化抑制剂(DMPP)作为添加剂对污泥堆肥过程中的保氮作用研究较少,其是否能够实现污泥堆肥过程中温室气体减排也值得深入探讨.本研究以脱水污泥作为研究对象,以蘑菇渣为辅料,设置空白对照、沸石粉和硝化抑制剂(DMPP)添加组,进行21 d的堆肥试验,研究沸石粉和DMPP的添加对污泥堆肥过程的氮素损失和温室气体排放的影响.结果表明,1%的沸石粉添加(湿重)不仅可以减少5%的温室气体排放,而且能够减少2.9%的总氮损失;而DMPP的添加虽然可以减少N_2O的排放,但会显著增加CH_4及NH_3的排放,从而导致温室气体排放和氮素损失的增加.     

低碳烃选择性催化还原NOx的研究进展

对报道较多的以低碳烃作为还原荆，选择性催化还原NO的研究进展进行了综述，重点介绍了离子交换分子筛类催化剂、金属与金属氧化物的研究状况，分析了存在问题及今后的研究重点，简要介绍了固体超强酸类催化荆。     

Formaldehyde oxidation on Pd/USY catalysts at room temperature: The effect of acid pretreatment on supports

The complete catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) to CO₂ and H₂O at room temperature is a green route for indoor HCHO removal. Zeolite is an excellent carrier material for HCHO oxidation due to its large surface area, intricate pores and high adsorption capacity. However, the zeolite-supported noble metal catalysts have currently shown relatively low activity especially at room temperature. In this work, we present a facile acid treatment strategy for zeolite catalysts to improve the hydroxyl concentration and further enhance their catalytic activity for HCHO oxidation. Activity tests illustrated that HCHO could be completely oxidized to CO₂ and H₂O at a nearly 100% conversion rate with a weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 150,000 mL/(g∙hr) at 25°C, when the support of Pd/USY catalysts was pretreated by hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.20 mol/L. The characterization results revealed that the active hydroxyl groups originated from the dealumination in the acid treatment play a key role in the HCHO oxidation reaction. The deduced reaction mechanism suggests that bridging hydroxyl groups may oxidize HCHO to dioxymethylene (DOM) species and terminal hydroxyl groups are responsible for the transformation of DOM groups to formate (HCOO) species.     

沸石生物滴滤器处理分散式生活污水的性能及生物膜特征

构建沸石生物滴滤器处理农村生活污水,研究了滴滤器的挂膜启动特征、进水水力负荷对滴滤器处理生活污水性能的影响.滴滤器采用连续进水的方式挂膜,挂膜26d后,COD和氨氮去除率分别达到85%和68%以上,且COD和氨氮相邻两次监测结果的相对偏差均低于10%,表明滴滤器挂膜成功,并基本达到了稳定的运行状态.滴滤器表现出对进水水力负荷变化较强的适应性,水力负荷为300L/（m²·d）时,滴滤器对COD、氨氮、TN、TP的平均去除率分别达到90.8%、87.1%、67.2%、90.1%.滴滤器对有机物和氮磷的去除途径结果表明,微生物降解和转化作用对污水中COD、氨氮、TN的去除贡献率最大,填料的吸附则是TP去除的主要途径,铁屑的氧化是影响填料吸附去除TP的重要因素.生物量及生物膜的分布特征表明,滴滤器内生物膜中细菌的多样性十分丰富.     

NaCl改性沸石对水中氨氮的吸附机制

通过颗粒强度测定、扫描电镜分析（SEM）、X射线能谱分析（EDS）和零电点测定（pHPZC）考察改性前后沸石表面特性的变化,考察pH值、沸石投加量、初始氨氮浓度以及温度对吸附过程的影响,并通过吸附等温式和吸附动力学对吸附机制进行描述.经过NaCl改性后的沸石的颗粒强度明显增大,表面更加粗糙,孔径增大,钠离子通过交换作用进入到沸石内部.pH值为7,沸石投加量为8g/L,温度为35℃时吸附效果最好,平衡吸附量（qe）与氨氮初始浓度呈正相关性.Langmuir等温线比Freundlich等温线更适合描述实验数据,最大饱和吸附量为13.210mg/g.吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.实验表明NaCl改性沸石能够有效去除水中的氨氮.     

Immobilization of some metals in contaminated sludge by zeolite prepared from local materials

In this study, zeolite was prepared from cheap local Egyptian clay (kaolin) and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, SEM. The prepared zeolite was used as a binder for immobilization of the metals Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ in contaminated sewage sludge. Different leaching tests were conducted to determine the efficiency of the prepared zeolite for metal stabilization. The leaching of the metals from stabilized sludge decreased as the zeolite amount increased. It was found that 10% of zeolite is sufficient for the stabilization of all metal ions under investigation. It was suggested that the metal uptake mechanism by zeolite was by an ion-exchange mechanism. Examination of the solidified sample for its compressive strength after curing for 28 days yielded a value of 0.83?MPa, which indicates that the treated sludge was well solidified and safe to be used in a wide variety of applications, for instance as a raw material for pavement blocks.