Naphthenic acid biodegradation by the unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are a major contributor to toxicity in tailings waste generated from bitumen production in the Athabasca Oil Sands region. While investigations have shown that bacteria can biodegrade NAs and reduce tailings toxicity, the potential of algae to biodegrade NAs and the biochemical mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered that the marine alga Dunaliella tertiolecta is able to tolerate five model NAs (cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexaneacetic acid, cyclohexanepropionic acid, cyclohexanebutyric acid and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid) at 300 mg L⁻¹, a level which exceeds that of any single or combination of NAs typically found in tailings ponds. Moreover, we show that D. tertiolecta can metabolize four of the model NAs. Analysis of NA-amended cultures of D. tertiolecta via low resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry allowed us to quantify decreasing NA levels, identify metabolites, and formulate putative mechanisms of biodegradation. Degradation of cyclohexanebutyric acid and cyclohexanepropionic acid proceeded via β-oxidation and resulted in the transient accumulation of cyclohexaneacetic acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, respectively. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid was metabolized via 1-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid suggesting that further degradation may occur by step-wise β-oxidation. When D. tertiolecta was inoculated in the presence of oil sands tailings water from the Athabasca region, biodegradation of single-ring NAs was observed relative to controls. This result corroborates the trend we observed with the single-ring model NAs.     

活性污泥硝化过程的动态响应信号

把pH值在线监测与药品自动投加系统与已开发的混合呼吸测量仪集成,组成自动呼吸-滴定测量仪,同时测得废水生物处理过程溶解氧（DO）、pH、氧气利用速率（OUR）和质子变化速率（HVR）。分别监测了只投加NH4＋-N底物的活性污泥硝化过程和实验室脱氮除碳SBR曝气阶段的DO/pH响应,结果显示,两信号呈一定规律变化,在反应...     

自由氯、一氯胺和二氧化氯对饮用水中粪肠球菌的消毒动力学研究

以粪肠球菌为研究对象,研究了自由氯、一氯胺和二氧化氯在不同pH值和温度下的消毒效果,并将灭活速率常数表示为pH和温度的函数,对Chick—Watson模型进行了修正。结果表明,随着pH的上升,自由氯和一氯胺的灭活率减小,二氧化氯的灭活率则增大。温度对一氯胺的影响较小,对自由氯和二氧化氯的影响较显著。修正后含有pH和温度两参数的消毒动力学模型可以很好地模拟消毒过程,增强了模型的通用性。     

The influence of pH and organic matter content in paddy soil on heavy metal availability and their uptake by rice plants

The experiments were done to investigate the effect of soil pH and organic matter content on EDTA-extractable heavy metal contents in soils and heavy metal concentrations in rice straw and grains. EDTA-extractable Cr contents in soils and concentrations in rice tissues were negatively correlated with soil pH, but positively correlated with organic matter content. The combination of soil pH and organic matter content would produce the more precise regression models for estimation of EDTA-Cu, Pb and Zn contents in soils, demonstrating the distinct effect of the two factors on the availability of these heavy metals in soils. Soil pH greatly affected heavy metal concentrations in rice plants. Furthermore, inclusion of other soil properties in the stepwise regression analysis improved the regression models for predicting straw Fe and grain Zn concentrations, indicating that other soil properties should be taken into consideration for precise predicting of heavy metal concentrations in rice plants.     

氧化铈/活性炭催化臭氧氧化技术去除水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯

用浸渍法在活性炭(AC)上负载氧化铈(CeO2)制备催化刺CeO2/AC催化臭氧氧化去除邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP),考察了臭氧投加量,DMP初始浓度和溶液初始pH的影响.结果表明,CeO2/AC催化臭氧氧化去除DMP的最佳臭氧投加量为50mg/h,DMP初始浓度和溶液初始pH对CeO2/AC催化臭氧氧化DMP过程都有一定的影响.在DMP初始质量浓度为30 mg/L、溶液初始pH为5、臭氧投加量为50 mg/h、反应60 min时,CeO2/AC的加入(1.5g/L)有利于催化臭氧氧化DMP过程中总有机碳(TOC)的去除,TOC去除率由AC催化臭氧氧化的48%提高到68%.而单独臭氧氧化过程中的TOC去除率仅22%;且单独臭氧氧化与AC、CeO2/AC催化臭氧氧化DMP的矿化过程均符合二级反应动力学方程,CeO2/AC催化臭氧氧化DMP时TOC降解的二级反应动力学常数为0.0015L/(mg·min),分别是AC催化臭氧氧化的2.5倍和单独臭氧氧化的7.5倍.     

土壤pH值与土壤养分有效态关系探讨——以内江市白马镇为例

本文探讨了小区域范围内土壤pH值与土壤主要肥力指标N、P、K有效态的关系,结果表明土壤pH值与土壤速效P含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0．498;与土壤缓效K呈显著正相关,相关系数为0．352;与水解性N和速效K含量相关性不明显。     

好氧颗粒污泥生物吸附酸性红B的试验研究

为了考察灭活好氧颗粒污泥(Aembic cranular Siudge,AGS)生物吸附偶氮染料酸性红B(Acid Red B,ARR)的能力,对初始pH值、吸附剂用量、ARB初始浓度以及NaCl浓度等条件对生物吸附的影响进行了批式试验.结果表明,初始pH值是影响ARB生物吸附的最苇要因素,最佳pH值为2.0.平衡吸附量随ARB初始浓度的增加而增加,随吸附荆浓度和NaCl浓度的增加而减少.通过傅立叶红外光谱分析得出AGS上的化学官能团(如胺基、羧基和羟基等)是吸附酸性红B的活性位置.研究表明,灭活ACS可以作为一种低成本的生物吸附剂来去除偶氮染料ARB及类似染料.     

New best estimates for radionuclide solid–liquid distribution coefficients in soils. Part 2. Naturally occurring radionuclides

Predicting the transfer of radionuclides in the environment for normal release, accidental, disposal or remediation scenarios in order to assess exposure requires the availability of an important number of generic parameter values. One of the key parameters in environmental assessment is the solid liquid distribution coefficient, K_d, which is used to predict radionuclide–soil interaction and subsequent radionuclide transport in the soil column. This article presents a review of K_d values for uranium, radium, lead, polonium and thorium based on an extensive literature survey, including recent publications. The K_d estimates were presented per soil groups defined by their texture and organic matter content (Sand, Loam, Clay and Organic), although the texture class seemed not to significantly affect K_d. Where relevant, other K_d classification systems are proposed and correlations with soil parameters are highlighted. The K_d values obtained in this compilation are compared with earlier review data.     

Abiotic oxidation of 17β-estradiol by soil manganese oxides

The degradation of 17β-estradiol (E2) in sterile soil and Mn-free soil slurries was determined. In 0.075 g ml⁻¹ soil slurry, E2 with an initial concentration of 0.0267 μmol g⁻¹ was rapidly degraded and near equimolar estrone (E1) accumulated. A mass balance involving E2 and E1 existed throughout the reaction. The E2 degradation was thus an oxidation process and E1 was the only product. The concurrent release of Mn(II) during E2 oxidation and a lack of E2 oxidation in Mn-free soil slurry together demonstrated that soil manganese oxides were responsible for E2 oxidation. The degree of E2 oxidation was higher at high pH than at low pH, consistent with the fact that the reaction released protons. This study suggests that manganese oxides may be used as soil amendments to effectively oxidize E2 to less potent E1 in soil.