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841.
共存物质对钢渣除磷的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了pH、共存离子(Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-、F^-、HCO3^-)和腐植酸对钢渣吸附除磷的影响。结合吸附饱和钢渣上的磷形态分析了产生影响的原因,采用SEM-EDS(扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱分析)对吸附磷酸盐前后钢渣表面的微观形态特征进行观察。结果表明:钢渣对磷酸盐具有很好的去除效果,吸附饱和钢渣中的磷主要以Ca—P形式存在。钢渣吸附磷酸盐最适初始pH为3~5,高pH抑制Ca—P的生成,对吸附不利。NHf的存在提高了Ca—P含量,从而促进钢渣对磷酸盐的吸附。共存阴离子Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-对钢渣吸附磷酸盐没有影响,但是F^-和HCO3^-明显抑制Ca—P的生成,从而减少了钢渣对磷酸盐的吸附。腐植酸的存在显著抑制了Ca—P和O-P的生成,使钢渣对磷酸盐的吸附量大大减小。 相似文献
842.
A. K. Alva Megh Singh C. A. Anderson 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):627-642
Abstract The sorption of bromacil and simazine by the surface soil (0–15 cm) sampled at various positions along an 8% slope citrus grove (Candler fine sand; Typic Quartzipsamment) and at various depths (0–200 cm) at upper, middle, and lower positions along the slope were investigated. The sorption of both herbicides by the top 15 cm soil decreased considerably from the upper to mid position along the slope and increased at the lower position. The organic matter content and concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, P, and Cu in the soil showed evidence of transport of organic matter and mineral nutrients from the mid position on the slope and accumulation in the lower position. The differential sorption of herbicides by the soil samples taken at various positions along the slope was closely related to changes in organic matter content. Although sorption of bromacil and simazine varied considerably at various positions along the slope, the sorption of bromacil was very similar at depths below 30 cm regardless of positions along the slope. In the case of simazine, however, the sorption was much greater at all depths in the lower than in the upper and mid position of the slope. The sorption of both herbicides decreased considerably at depths below 30 cm at all positions along the slope, thus, indicating the potential for rapid leaching of the herbicides down the soil profile. 相似文献
843.
不同pH下水葫芦与紫根水葫芦生长特性与净化效能对比研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了探讨不同pH条件下水葫芦与紫根水葫芦生长特性与净化效能的差异,以滇池草海原水为实验用水,利用HCl和NaOH稀溶液调节水体pH,设置3个pH处理,分别是8.00、9.50和11.00,开展了为期30d(重复3个周期)的静态模拟实验,结果表明,在实验条件下,pH过高会对水葫芦和紫根水葫芦的生长发育产生抑制作用,紫根水葫芦受到的抑制效果更为明显;水葫芦和紫根水葫芦的生长也会使水体pH降低至接近中性,水葫芦调节水体pH的能力更强;pH为8.00、9.50时,水葫芦和紫根水葫芦对水体氮磷污染物具有净化作用,水葫芦的净化能力更强;pH为11.00时,水葫芦和紫根水葫芦处理的水体氮磷浓度均表现起伏,表示在高碱度条件下,两者的净化能力减弱。 相似文献
844.
北京市酸雨变化趋势及成因分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1993-2002年中国气象局酸雨观测站网在北京地区有两个观测站,2003年增至3个。根据北京3个酸雨观测站的有关资料,研究了北京市酸雨变化的特征及成因。研究结果表明:第一,1993-2007年北京地区降水酸度呈现两个阶段,即1993-2002年降水酸度稳定在较弱水平,而2003-2008年呈逐年增强趋势。第二,与2003年以前相比,2003年以后硫酸根和硝酸根离子浓度均呈明显增加趋势,二者比值逐步下降并低于3,这表明北京乃至华北地区的酸雨已由硫酸型转为硫酸与硝酸并重型。第三,北京周边省、市二氧化硫年排放量的增加及钙离子和可吸入颗粒物浓度减少是近年来北京地区酸雨增强的人为原因。第四,气象条件是酸雨发生的主要动力因素。一般情况下,在地面风速较小的季节酸雨频率较高,850hPa高度为弱的偏南风或发生低层逆温时可促进酸雨的发生。此外降水量的大小也与酸雨有密切关系,24 h降水量达暴雨量级时酸雨频率最高。 相似文献
845.
Jitendra Kumar N. A. Shakil M. A. Khan Kamlesh Malik Suresh Walia 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):678-682
Controlled release (CR) formulations of carbofuran and imidacloprid were prepared employing polyvinyl chloride and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and their bioefficacy was evaluated against the aphid, Aphis gossypii and leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida on potato crop. The CR formulations of carbofuran and imidacloprid provided better or equal control of the pests than commercial formulations. CMC-based formulation provided a superior control of both the pests. The Imida-CMC, which showed the lowest population of leaf hopper (10.50 leafhopper/100 cl), provided significantly superior control among all treatments after 35 days after germination (DAG). The residue of carbofuran and imidacloprid in potato tuber and soils were not detectable at the time of harvesting in any one of the formulations. 相似文献
846.
Pankaj Najam Akhtar Shakil Jitendra Kumar M. K. Singh Khajan Singh 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):520-528
In the present investigation, the bioefficacy of developed carbofuran formulations, with PEG-600 (7a, CP1) & PEG-900 (7b, CP2) @ 5, 10 and 20 ppm, along with commercial formulation of carbofuran 3G (CP0) were evaluated against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato (cv. Pusa Ruby) in pot and field conditions. The bioefficacy data indicated that the formulations developed by utilizing polymers having PEG – 900 (7b) as hydrophilic segment were effective even at 14 days post inoculation (dpi) as evident from shoot and root length. Also, the reduction in penetration was found to be maximum with CP2 (3.6 – 4.6 J2s) at all concentrations compared to CP1 (6.6 – 16.4 J2s) and CP0 (29.3 – 32.6 J2s). Overall, CP2 was more effective in reducing the number of nematodes up to 14 days, compared to CP1 and CP0. Both the CR formulations (CP1 and CP2) in general significantly reduced the number of galls, when compared to CP0. However, under field conditions, lower concentrations (5, and 10 ppm) of CP2, were less effective in controlling the gall formation whereas, CP2 at 20 ppm, was most effective than other treatments. The study revealed that the developed CR formulations of carbofuran have the potential for effective management of M. incognita in tomato under field conditions. 相似文献
847.
完全自营养脱氮过程中的影响因素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于正交实验考察了溶解氧(DO)、初始NH4+-N浓度、pH对SBR自营养脱氮性能的影响。结果表明,DO和NH4+-N浓度对好氧氨氧化速率影响大,pH对好氧氨氧化速率的影响小;DO、NH4+-N浓度对亚硝酸氧化速率的影响较大,pH对亚硝酸氧化速率的影响较小;DO、NH4+-N浓度和pH对厌氧氨氧化菌(ANAOB)的活性影响较小。好氧氨氧化菌(AOB)直接影响到CANON系统的总氮去除能力,是CANON系统的控制反应,DO是关键控制因子。实验确定的CANON系统优化运行条件为,DO(0.3±0.05)mg/L、初始NH4+-N浓度150mg/L和pH7.4。 相似文献
848.
To study the pH preference of epiphytic lichens, the bark pH of Fraxinus, Tilia, Quercus and Ulmus trees in an urban environment was measured using a flat surface electrode. The total number of trees was 253. A survey was made of the lichens in a 40 × 40 cm quadrat surrounding the pH measurement point. Our data analysis using multivariate and univariate statistical techniques indicates that the tree species is the most important factor influencing lichen colonisation, and that bark pH alone is of less importance. We hypothesize that the changed pollution climate, with strong decreases in both sulphur dioxide and ammonia concentrations over the past two decades and a concomitant general increase in bark pH, has made epiphytes less sensitive to pH. 相似文献
849.
温度、pH对微生物燃料电池产电的影响研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用SPSS分析软件,考察了双室微生物燃料电池(MFC)、单室MFC运行过程中,温度、pH与产电性能的相关关系。结果表明,碳纸双室MFC的日均电压与温度、阳极pH均未呈现显著相关关系,而与阴极pH呈极显著相关关系,产电的决定性因素为阴极反应;石墨毡/碳纸双室MFC日均电压与温度未呈现显著相关关系,而与阳极pH、阴极pH均呈极显著相关关系,产电的决定性因素为pH;单室MFC的产电性能受温度的影响较大,而pH对其影响不显著,对于单室MFC的运行调控应主要从温度入手。 相似文献
850.
Activity of 210Po and 210Pb were measured in soil and sediment samples collected from the major rivers Kali, Sharavathi and Netravathi of Coastal Karnataka. The activity of these two radionuclides were determined by radiochemical separation of 210Po and counting the activity using a ZnS(Ag) Alpha counter. The activity of 210Pb was higher than that of 210Po in the riverine environs. The 210Po and 210Pb content in sediment was found to increase with silt/clay and organic matter contents. However no significant correlation was found between the activity 210Po and 210Pb with pH in sediments. The activity of 210Po and 210Pb and influence of physico-chemical parameters on these radionuclides were studied and discussed in this paper. 相似文献