半刚性路面基层环境影响评价研究

采用输人输出模型,通过清单分析和归一化处理对我国典型的路面基层材料水泥稳定粒料与石灰稳定粒料以及几种工业固体废弃物路面基层材料的环境影响进行了研究并和水泥混凝土进行了对比.结果表明,工业固体废弃物路面基层对资源能源消耗量少,生产过程中固体废弃物、温室气体、酸雨气体的排放量小.和我国目前广泛使用的水泥稳定粒料相比,其环境影响较小,而且可以被再循环用作水泥生产的混合材,是一类典型的生态建筑材料.     

煤炭高校安全工程专业改革与创新的思考

根据煤炭行业和社会对安全人才的需求 ,提出了立足行业 ,面向社会 ,一专多向的培养模式。课程设置本着强化基础、精练专业、扩大选修的原则对课程进行优化、整合和重组。建立坚实、宽厚的专业基础知识平台 ,形成以一个专业方向为载体 ,向多个专业方向传递的课程体系。教材建设的重点是根据安全学科基本理论和多共性的科目编写统一教材和通用教材。实践教学中通过测试、模拟、演示等实验手段 ,增强学生对安全工作的实践知识。课程设计要密切联系生产实际 ,提高学生独立思考能力。毕业论文要体现对安全问题的分析、技术方法的运用、管理措施的制定等内容 ,使学生受到科学思维、工程实践和创新意识的综合训练。     

新型吸附材料AGS在油气回收中的应用

考查了自制疏水性硅胶吸附材料AGS在加油站模拟油气回收装置及某油库现场油气回收装置的应用效果,并与常用的柱状活性炭进行了比较。实验结果表明：与活柱状性炭相比,AGS对油气的吸附速率和吸附量较小,但是油气脱附效果更好;将二者混合得到的吸附材料同时具备二者的优点,既具有较高的油气吸附量又具有良好的脱附性能,使油气回收装置具有更大的油气吸附量和更好的回收效果。     

Energy efficacy used to score organic refuse pretreatment processes for hydrogen anaerobic production

The production of hydrogen through Anaerobic Digestion (AD) has been investigated to verify the efficacy of several pretreatment processes. Three types of waste with different carbon structures have been tested to obtain an extensive representation of the behavior of the materials present in Organic Waste (OW). The following types of waste were selected: Sweet Product Residue (SPR), i.e., confectionary residue removed from the market after the expiration date, Organic Waste Market (OWM) refuse from a local fruit and vegetable market, and Coffee Seed Skin (CSS) waste from a coffee production plant. Several pretreatment processes have been applied, including physical, chemical, thermal, and ultrasonic processes and a combination of these processes. Two methods have been used for the SPR to remove the packaging, manual (SPR) and mechanical (SPRex). A pilot plant that is able to extrude the refuse to 200 atm was utilized. Two parameters have been used to score the different pretreatment processes: efficiency (ξ), which takes into account the amount of energy produced in the form of hydrogen compared with the available energy embedded in the refuse, and efficacy (η), which compares the efficiency obtained using the pretreated refuse with that obtained using the untreated refuse. The best result obtained for the SPR was the basic pretreatment, with η = 6.4, whereas the thermal basic pretreatment gave the highest value, η = 17.0 for SPRex. The best result for the OWM was obtained through a combination of basic/thermal pretreatments with η = 9.9; lastly, the CSS residue with ultrasonic pretreatment produced the highest quantity of hydrogen, η = 5.2.     

湖南传统村落的防御性特征

防御性在中国传统村落的规划和建设中具有很高的研究价值。通过分析湖南传统村落在选址、空间形态、防火和建筑装饰等方面的防御性特征,指出传统村落的物质防御和精神防卫等防御理念具有明显的先进性与科学性。两个方面共同作用,所营造的传统村落的安全居住环境,是中国传统文化因素中的心理安全防御意识在具体环境中的物化体现,是中国传统哲学观念和生态环境观念的有机统一,指出传统村落的防御性在当今和谐社会宜居社区的规划和建设中的借鉴意义。     

适用于废水处理的DSA电极的研究进展

电化学氧化技术因其具有氧化能力强、可控性高、运行费用低及对环境友好的特点,引起了人们极大的关注.处于核心地位的DSA（Dimensionally Stable Anodes）电极是电化学工作者研究的重点.Ti基氧化铅、氧化铱、锡锑氧化物等电极是目前最有研究价值的DSA电极,文章介绍了这些电极的一些最新的研究成果.     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

城镇居民食物消费的生态足迹及生态文明程度评价

城镇居民食品账户生态足迹核算一直面临着消费项目不完善与消费-土地利用矩阵信息匮乏的问题。研究通过改进自下而上生态足迹模型,较好地解决了上述问题;并构建了食物消费的生态文明度概念与分类层次体系,在生态影响“数量”评估的基础上开展了“质量”评估。论文对2005—2012年中国及各省城镇居民食物消费的生态影响及生态文明度进行了实证研究,结果表明：1）城镇居民部门食物账户的生态影响变动主要驱动力为在外就餐;2）全国及大陆省份中除山西、江西和青海外的28个省份城镇居民食物消费的生态文明度发生了不同程度的下降。中国如果忽略城镇市场倒逼机制对生态文明的巨大作用,规模扩大与食谱增富的城镇化可能将整个中国带入生态环境脆弱性增强的境地。     

生物炭复合材料在土壤重金属污染修复领域的研究进展

当前,土壤重金属污染问题已成为了备受国内外关注的环境问题之一.相比于传统单一生物炭,生物炭复合材料具有循环利用性能更佳、吸附能力更强、修复选择性更广等优点,是一种稳定的、应用前景广的土壤重金属污染修复材料.系统性地综述了目前国内外生物炭改性优化方法以及吸附重金属相关机理,讨论了生物炭应用于土壤污染修复领域存在的潜在环境...     

邯郸市物质流分析

利用邯郸市统计年鉴数据和实地调研资料,采用城市物质流分析框架研究邯郸市2005年物质流全景和1993─2005年物质输入和输出结构的时间序列变化.结果表明:13年间邯郸市地区生产总值增长3.4倍,物质输入增长1.1倍,物质生产力增长1.1倍,由1993年的151.8元/t上升至2005年的320.9元/t,反映了邯郸市前期经济发展与资源投入具有明显的“脱钩"现象;另一方面,邯郸市仍然遵循着“高投入、高排放"的发展模式,2005年物质净存量仅占全年物质通量的12.2%,大部分物质在开采当年并不进入经济系统而直接排放到生态系统中;同时,邯郸市经济发展的对外依存度逐年升高,从该市外调入的物质量所占比例由1993年的10.2%上升至2005年的39.2%,表明邯郸市经济发展将面临更大的资源