An empirical approach to determine specific weights of driving factors for the price of commodities—A contribution to the measurement of the economic scarcity of minerals and metals

In recent years, commodity markets show a large amount of volatility and substantial price jumps, indicating an increasing economic scarcity in many cases. As this scarcity makes commodity procurement a critical issue for national economies, industry sectors and manufacturing companies, a number of criticality indices have been presented and utilized in science as well as in practice. These indices are mostly based on an aggregation of different key figures, both qualitative and quantitative. However, the weighting of the different factors is in most cases arbitrary or based on rough estimates.     

The Design of a New Energy-conservation Type Solar-powered Lighting System Using a High‐pressure Sodium Lamp

This study designs and applies a new energy-conservation type solar-powered lighting system using a high-pressure sodium lamp to areas not having any utility company's electricity. The proposed system uses a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) DC/DC converter in the batteries’ charge circuit to reduce the switching loss for a higher charging efficiency. Said system also adopts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to maximize the solar panels’ photovoltaic conversion capability. When dark, the batteries in the proposed system will discharge, with a raised voltage, through a push-pull DC/DC converter; said voltage, as the input voltage of the series-parallel resonant inverter, will be regulated to dim the lamp. To enable the efficient usage of the batteries’ stored energy capacity, this control scheme of the proposed system may adjust the night-time discharge time lengths, according to season difference, and compute the usable capacity for the load, according to the batteries’ charged voltage, so as to select a suitable pre-scheduled light-dimming curve for the lamp to achieve energy conservation for the batteries and continuity in lighting when dark.     

氰化钠溶液的电子束辐照降解

研究了利用电子束辐照降解氰化钠水溶液的效果.分别考察了CN-初始浓度、溶解氧浓度、辐照剂量率对 CN-降解效果的影响.采用总有机碳(TOC)分析仪、离子色谱仪(IC)、紫外分光光度计等分析了 CN-在不同实验条件下的辐照降解产物.实验结果表明,电子束能有效降解水溶液中的 CN-,较低的 CN-初始浓度,较高的辐照剂量,较高的溶解氧浓度以及较低的辐照剂量率能够提高CN-降解效率.CN-辐照后转化为 NH3、NO3-、NO2-、碳酸盐和有机物.     

金坛地区五氯酚的人体暴露评价

以五氯酚及其钠盐(统称为PCP)为研究对象,选择曾长期使用五氯酚钠杀灭钉螺的江苏省金坛地区为研究区域,使用膳食暴露模型计算评价了当地居民的人体暴露水平.结果表明,该地区成年人日均PCP摄入量最高值为8μg·d-1,该值低于世界卫生组织推荐的每日允许摄入量180μg·d-1;饮水和植物类食物是人体摄入PCP的主要途径,分别占总摄入量的42%和39%.此外,不确定性分析表明,模式运算结果呈偏态分布,偏度、峰度系数分别为3.51和19.7.     

焦亚硫酸钠法保险粉生产废水处理的实验研究

采用超声波-Fenton试剂-曝气相结合处理保险粉生产废水。探讨了超声波-曝气对保险粉生产废水处理的协同作用以及多种因素对保险粉生产废水处理效果的影响,获得了最佳工艺条件:100mL COD为11500mg/L的废水(初始pH=5)在超声功率为200W下,辐射60min,H2O2用量1.3mL,FeSO4用量为0.06g的条件下,COD去除率达到83%。     

5G对中国碳排放峰值的影响研究

基于目前5G技术的发展情况,利用holt指数平滑法和动态分析法预测了未来20年5G基站产生的直接碳排放量.根据预测模型,5G基站建设会在2038年左右达到饱和状态,数量约为1434万个.考虑到5G技术的发展推动其他产业发展可能导致的碳排放量变化,利用投入产出法和灰度时间预测法等方法评估了5G技术引起的各行业间接碳排放量.结果显示,5G基站处于低负载（30%负载）情况下,能在2038年碳排放达峰时年产生142.61Mt的直接碳排放;而如果满负荷运行,则能在2038年碳排放达峰时产生196.26Mt的直接碳排放,基于中国两种不同碳排放达峰情景,综合分析了5G技术导致的直接和间接碳排放对中国碳排放达峰时间和碳排放峰值的影响,最后对预测结果进行了稳健性检验.研究发现,实际GDP情况情景下5G技术对于社会各行业的碳排放影响在2030年达到峰值,约为255.96Mt.并且,2030年前5G技术发展对社会总体碳排放增量以间接碳排放为主,2030年后对社会碳排放增量以直接碳排放为主;综合考虑下5G技术的发展会导致中国碳排放达峰时间推后至少2年,相应的碳排放峰值至少提高了383.96Mt.若中国政府要削减5G导致的额外碳排放,完成二氧化碳总量控制,需要降低基站能耗水平,控制基站数量,避免重复建设导致5G基站低负荷运行.