聚硫醚纤维素对持久性污染物的吸附特性

棉纤维在碱存在下与环硫氯丙烷发生醚化反应,合成了一种新型环境功能材料--聚硫醚纤维素(PTCC),并研究了PTCC的理化性能及其对持久性污染物的吸附性能.结果显示,PTCC化学性质比其它含硫纤维素衍生物稳定,抗氧化和抗紫外照射能力均优于其它含硫纤维素.暴露于空气中1个月,其含硫量保持不变;室温下,中性水溶液中浸泡5d,其水解百分率小于2%.PTCC对重金属离子和阳离子有机物具有很强的吸附作用,其饱和吸附容量分别为:Hg2+364 mg·g-1、Ag+291 mg·g-1、氯化十六烷基吡啶219 mg·g-1、阳离子红X-GRL 321 mg·g-1、维多利亚艳蓝B0 373mg·g-1.常见的共存离子对于PTCC的吸附容量没有明显的影响.PTCC对污染物的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和二级吸附动力学方程,吸附符合单分子层吸附理论.吸附Hg2+、Ag+后的聚硫醚纤维素用氨水洗脱,再生后可以循环利用.PTCC是一种性能优良的新型环境功能材料,具有很好的应用前景.     

甲醇衍生法测定环境水体中八种酸性除草剂

文章建立了一种测定环境水体中8种酸性除草剂残留量的分析方法。1 000 mL样品在pH<2的情况下由乙醚分三次萃取后,萃取液经脱水,K-D浓缩至约1 mL,转移到衍生瓶中。在衍生瓶中补加2 mL正己烷、1 mL甲醇、8滴浓硫酸,80℃水浴加热1 h,进行甲醇衍生化处理,衍生后的样品运用气相色谱-质谱联用-分段选择离子扫描技术测定,内标法定量。结果表明:8种除草剂在0.05～2.5μg/L范围内线性均良好;方法灵敏度高,检出限均低于或等于0.02μg/L;方法的准确度和精密度高,在0.10、0.50、1.00、1.50μg/L添加水平下所有除草剂的回收率均在82.07%～116.99%之间,相对标准偏差RSD≤7.68%;经实际样品检测,可用于测定环境水体中酸性类除草剂的残留量。     

多水源化工园区综合废水的水体特征研究

为充分了解天津市滨海新区化工园区综合废水的水体特征,通过科学选取新区内某化工园区综合废水中的水质监测指标,借助GCMS和毒性分析技术,得以全面系统地分析出具有类似产业布局的多废水来源的化工园区废水水质特征,为完善同类型废水可生化性指标评价体系提供了参考,且便于后续废水处理工艺的达标化设计。     

Persistent organochlorine contaminants in human tissues of the Czech and Slovak populations

The persistence of lipophilic organochlorine substances leads to their incorporation into the food chain and subsequent uptake by humans. Due to their use in the past, Czech and Slovak countries belong to the countries with a relatively high body burden of organochlorines. Levels of PCBs in human tissues based on the congener‐specific analysis are reported in this paper. Samples were analysed for the most abundant PCB congeners. Prevalent persistent organochlorine pesticides and their isomers/metabolites have also been included. The present study is focused on following areas: i) distribution of analysed substances in the various human tissue samples from selected regions of the Czech and Slovak Republic and ii) comparison with the results from other foreign and local studies.     

运用相对组成探针技术研究青藏高原POPs大气传输与来源

为探讨青藏高原大气POPs(持久性有机污染物)空间分布趋势、来源和传输特征,应用POPs相对组成探针技术对16个大气被动采样观测点的数据进行分析,将青藏高原空间尺度上的采样点聚为不同的组,以探讨污染物来源及大气传输过程. 结果表明:青藏高原大气中的HCB(六氯苯)主要来自于本地燃烧,其中人类活动较为频繁的城镇(波密、格尔木、玉树、拉萨、工布江达、拉孜、那曲)具有较高的HCB相对组成(25%～74%). 青藏高原南缘(包括珠峰、然乌、萨嘎)以南亚正在使用的农药——HCHs(六六六)和α-Endo(硫丹)为特征(二者的相对组成之和超过了40%),凸显了南亚污染排放经长距离传输对青藏高原的影响. 剔除HCB影响后,青藏高原中部、东南部河谷地区(鲁朗、拉孜、拉萨、日喀则、工布江达、昌都)及那曲、狮泉河因具有较高的o,p'-DDT相对组成而聚为一组,平均值为40%,表明这些采样点可能受到本地污染排放的影响.      

A review of spatial and temporal assessment of PFOS and PFOA contamination in China

The current state of concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in China is presented. While products that are known to degrade to either PFOS or PFOA have been used in China, concentrations in environmental media have been reported to be relatively low across China. Greater concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were observed in southern and eastern China than in other areas of China. Concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were relatively great in the Huangpu River, with concentrations of 20.5 ng l^?1 and 1590 ng l^?1, respectively. Surface waters of Dongguan and Shanghai were more contaminated by PFOS and PFOA than that of other cities. Dongguan was the only city in China in which PFOS value in surface water exceeded the water quality criterion, while PFOA concentration in Shanghai was 152 ng l^?1. Similar to other contaminants, point-source pollution was also the common pattern of PFOS and PFOA contamination. Concentrations of PFOS in human blood in China were relatively greater in China than other countries, with drinking water contamination given as the most likely source. Concentrations of PFOS in human blood have increased from the 1980s to the 2000s, while such a trend was not observed for PFOA.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels in the blood of pure vegetarians (vegans)

Intake of many persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including dioxins, dibenzofurans and PCBs is almost exclusively from gastrointestinal ingestion of animal fats in the diet. With polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) brominated flame retardants (BFRs), no consensus exists at present as to the extent of intake from food, from indoor dust or other routes of intake. Vegans, or pure vegetarians, were previously found to have low body burden of dioxins and dibenzofurans in blood. Data reported here for the first time show a trend towards lower PBDE levels with longer time periods without ingestion of food of animal origin in 8 adult residents of the United States. A stronger relationship between lower PBDE levels and time without meat, specifically, is consistent with substantial PBDE intake from meat relative to fish or dairy products in Americans. These vegans had somewhat lower PBDE levels with a range 12.4–127 and a median 23.9?ppb than published reports of US general population samples which had a range of 4–366 and median of 26?ppb. Our findings suggest that food of animal origin may be a major but not the sole contributor to human body burden of PBDEs.     

短链氯化石蜡及其环境污染现状与毒性效应研究

短链氯化石蜡是碳链长度为10至13个碳原子的正构烷烃经氯化衍生而成的复杂混合物.作为《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》增列持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants,POPs)中的一类化合物,2008年10月在瑞士日内瓦召开的联合国环境规划署POPs审查委员会的第     

偏远高山湖泊沉积物中持久性有机污染物的沉积记录研究

持久性有机污染物(POPs)因具有半挥发性,可随大气长距离传输迁移到偏远的高山地区,对当地生态环境造成潜在威胁,因而POPs在这些地区的归趋及行为受到广泛关注.偏远高山地区环境中的POPs主要来源于大气沉降过程,湖芯能较好地保存大气污染物的沉降信息以及年代信息,被称为"天然档案室",常被用于研究污染物的沉降历史和演变规律.本文首先介绍了几种常用于湖芯定年的放射性核素定年方法,然后综述了不同区域高山湖芯中POPs的时空变化趋势以及影响因素,最后针对偏远高山沉积物研究存在的不足对未来研究提出了几点建议.