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991.
个体防护装备是减少生产性农药中毒的有效途径 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
欧泽兵 《中国个体防护装备》2010,(2):31-33
本文根据国内外一些农药中毒的统计数据,结合农药入侵人体途径及农药中毒的健康影响,阐述在改进农药喷洒设备、工艺等措施外,合适的个体防护装备是农业作业中所必需的。 相似文献
992.
993.
4种农药对土壤微生物的影响Ⅱ:氮素矿质化的变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究农药,氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、多菌灵和丁硫克百威对山西省两种土壤氮素矿质化( 氨化作用和硝化作用) 的影响.结果表明,添加低浓度( w = 100 mg/kg) 的4 种农药,对土壤氮素矿质化无显著影响. 高浓度( w = 1000 mg/kg) 的菊酯类农药会抑制土壤中硝化细菌的活动,使土壤中氨的含量明显积累;添加高浓度多菌灵的土壤样品出现硝态氮积累的现象,这可能与其对微生物生长影响有关;添加高浓度丁硫克百威在一种土壤样品中使氨的含量有明显积累,但在另一种土壤样品中与对照基本相同.可见,农药对土壤氮素矿质化及微生物活性的影响,因农药品种的不同和浓度的不同而异,不同的土壤因微生物活性的差异而对农药污染的反应也不同 相似文献
994.
对土壤重金属污染研究和治理方法现状进行了介绍:涉及的具体内容包括土壤重金属元素背景值。化学定时炸弹的概念,土壤环境与人类健康和物理、化学、生物治理方法。 相似文献
995.
采用田间模拟施药与气相色谱法研究了7种拟除虫菊酯农药在茶园生态环境中的降解动态,茶叶加工过程中的降解和泡茶过程的浸出率及其主要影响因子。根据实验结果推算出通过饮茶进入人体的农药量,结合农药的毒理特性,对拟除虫菊酯农药在茶园生态环境中应用的安全性进行了综合评价。结果表明,拟除虫菊酯农药在茶园中应用的安全性显著高于有机磷农药,在拟除虫菊酯农药之间,其安全性也有较大差异。本研究不仅为茶园使用农药的选择提供了依据,而且首次提出了一种农药对人体安全性的定量评价体系。 相似文献
996.
Andreas J. Schindelin Fritz H. Frimmel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(4):205-210
By means of simulated sunlight, the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on the photochemical degradation of halogenated
pesticides in the absence and presence of nitrate as a precursor of the highly reactive OH radicals in aqueous solutions and
freshwater was investigated. Solutions of dichlorprop or terbutylazine (a) in phosphate-buffered demineralized water containing
nitrate and/or NOM and (b) in natural freshwaters were irradiated by a 1000-W Xe short-arc lamp. The collimated beam was filtered
using a combination of optical filters (WG 320 and WG 295) to simulate the solar spectrum under summer midday conditions.
In the absence of nitrate and NOM, the pesticides were degraded photolytically by simulated sunlight. The degradation rates
depended on the absorption spectrum in the UVB range and the quantum yield of the degradation. The photochemical degradation
of the pesticides was faster in the presence of nitrate due to the sunlight-induced formation of OH radicals. In the absence
of nitrate, low concentrations of NOM of a brownwater lake accelerated the degradation due to the formation of reactive species
by NOM. At higher concentrations of NOM, the inner filter effect of NOM lowered the degradation rates. In the presence of
50 mg l−1 nitrate, NOM decreased the degradation rate significantly. In case the natural water samples were used as a matrix
for the experiments (nitrate concentrations between 2 mg l−1 and 15 mg l−1, DOC concentrations below 2.3 mg l−1), NOM acted
mainly as a radiation filter and as a scavenger of OH radicals. As a consequence, in most freshwater systems, the accelerating
effect of NOM by the formation of reactive species is of minor importance compared to the inner filter effect and to radical
scavenging. 相似文献
997.
ABSTRACT: Drinking of arsenic‐contaminated tubewell water has become a serious health threat in Bangladesh. Arsenic contaminated tubewells are believed to be responsible for poisoning nearly two‐thirds of this country's population. If proper actions are not taken immediately, many people in Bangladesh will die from arsenic poisoning in just a few years. Causes and consequences of arsenic poisoning, the extent of area affected by it, and local knowledge and beliefs about the arsenic problem — including solutions and international responses to the problem — are analyzed. Although no one knows precisely how the arsenic is released into the ground water, several contradictory theories exist to account for its release. Initial symptoms of the poisoning consist of a dryness and throat constriction, difficulty in swallowing, and acute epigastric pain. Long‐term exposure leads to skin, lung, or bladder cancer. Both government and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Bangladesh, foreign governments, and international agencies are now involved in mitigating the effects of the arsenic poisoning, as well as developing cost‐effective remedial measures that are affordable by the rural people. 相似文献
998.
Ricardo Diaz‐Diaz Keith Loague 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(4):823-832
ABSTRACT: Agriculture is the leading cause of regional‐scale non‐point source (NPS) pollution in the world today. Indices of pesticide leaching in the vadose zone are well suited for estimating the spatial accumulation and distribution of NPS pollutants in the near surface. In this study the Attenuation Factor (AF) and the Leaching index (Li) are used to assess the near‐surface leaching potential for 32 important agrochemicals for world average agricultural soil properties and recharge rates. The AF and Li indices both require the same input data and appear to work well for nonpolar chemicals. In the effort reported here the AF and Li indices produced similar results for the 32 agrochemicals. Pesticides with high and moderate leaching potential are identified. The AF estimates were more constant than the Li estimates for changes in the compliance depth and recharge rate. The AF index is simpler to use than the Li index and, therefore, is more likely to be employed in the future for screening/ranking agrochemicals relative to regional‐scale NPS ground water vulnerability. 相似文献
999.
铬污染土壤修复技术研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍了铬污染土壤修复技术的最新研究进展,讨论了化学修复、生物修复和电修复技术等方面的研究状况.特别指出的是,生物修复技术无二次污染,电修复技术能强化土壤中的传质过程,两者的耦合有可能在该领域取得突破. 相似文献
1000.