Organic compounds in the flue gas from a power station with circulating fluid bed combustion of coal

Numerous organic compounds have been analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) in flue gas after fluid bed combustion of four coal species from South Africa, Poland, Spitsbergen and Ruhr area (Germany). Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated, heterocyclic and nitro compounds as well as phthalate esters are detected.     

Wind tunnel attraction of grapevine moth females, Lobesia Botrana, to natural and artificial grape odour

Summary. Host plant volatiles which attract insect herbivores for egg-laying are of principal interest with respect to insect ecology and evolution. Direct applications concern population monitoring and control through behavioural manipulation. Identification of behaviourally active plant secondary metabolites is essential also for plant breeding for insect resistance. Grapevine moth females Lobesia botrana are attracted by upwind flight to green grape berries Vitis vinifera. The headspace of grape berries was collected on air filters. A solvent extract of these filters, released from a sprayer, attracted females in the wind tunnel. The results demonstrate that volatile cues mediate attraction of grapevine moth females to grape berries, and that headspace collections capture the essence of this odour signal. The air filter extracts were examined by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic detection, and the compounds eliciting a consistent antennal response in L. botrana females were identified by mass spectrometry. The headspace collection apparatus was calibrated for collection efficiency of the active compounds. Their recovery rate ranged from 35 % for methyl salicylate to 83 % for (E,E)-α-farnesene. A synthetic ten-component blend was then formulated. The blend consisted of compounds eliciting an antennal response, formulated in a blend ratio corrected for differences in collection efficiency. Subsequent wind tunnel tests showed that female attraction to this synthetic ten-component blend was not significantly different from attraction to grape berries, or to headspace collections of the same berries. At a release rate of 35 ng/h of the most abundant compound (E)-β-caryophyllene, 20 % of the test females approached the source of sprayed headspace collections and the ten-component synthetic blend, respectively. In comparison, 100 g of green berries, releasing the main compound (E)-β-caryophyllene at a rate of ca. 4.7 ng/h, attracted 10 % of the females by upwind flight followed by source contact.     

Allelopathic potential of Medicago arborea, a Mediterranean invasive shrub

Summary. Biological invasions are nowadays a major problem in ecology. Allelopathy has been shown to be involved in such invasions, but this mechanism has been little studied in France. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the allelopathic potential of Medicago arborea, an invasive species in the French Mediterranean region. Foliar extracts were tested on three target species (Lactuca sativa, Lepidium sativum and Linum strictum). We showed that Medicago arborea has high allelopathic potential to affect the growth and germination of other species. Yellow flax (Linum strictum), native to the invaded area, was the most sensitive of the tested plant species to foliar extracts of Medicago arborea. Our study pointed out the role of allelopathy in processes leading to biological invasion, and more generally in population dynamics.     

粘土颗粒吸附直接染料的分形特征

粘土颗粒对直接耐晒黑和直接大红染料的吸附均可分为快速的边缘覆盖和慢速的晶层吸附2个过程,整个吸附过程符合准-二级反应动力学方程式,除了伊利土-直接耐晒黑染料的吸附体系之外,其它体系的吸附过程中以晶层吸附为主的阶段均具有类分形特征.体系的非线性吸附等温线符合Langmuir型吸附等温模式,并且除了蒙脱土吸附直接大红染料之外,也可以用分形Langmuir吸附等温模式获得较好的模拟效果.在不同原始浓度下直接大红染料在粘土颗粒表面发生的边缘覆盖和晶层吸附这2个过程的程度是不同的,从而导致了吸附等温线在原始染料为150mg·L-1时出现最大的吸附量,而且颗粒边缘覆盖的直接大红染料的比例较高.染料进入粘土颗粒的晶层后,扩大了晶层间距,改变了其表面微孔几何结构.颗粒表面棱角变得光滑,结构疏松,片层结构逐渐减少,上述效果在蒙脱土颗粒上或直接耐晒黑染料吸附时表现地更为显著.而且吸附染料后蒙脱土颗粒对N2的吸附量比伊利土下降的幅度小,其比表面积、孔体积和平均孔径的下降比例也比伊利土小,其中平均孔径的差异比较明显.吸附染料之后粘土颗粒表面分形维数Ds均升高了,晶层膨胀和开孔作用抵消了"表面粗糙度屏蔽"、"孔阻塞效应"机理降低Ds的影响.增加了表面粗糙度.     

石油污染土壤热解修复反应规律与机制研究

在石油的开采、运输等过程中,由于原油泄漏而产生的石油污染土壤会严重威胁生态环境和人类健康.相比细菌降解修复和化学氧化修复,中低温热解修复是一种高效、经济的修复方法.然而,国内对石油污染土壤的热解修复规律和影响因素研究却较少.本文先以模型污染土壤为研究对象,考察了初始含油率(5％、10％)、热解温度(375、400、42...     

饮用水中砷去除技术综述

自从1996年孟加拉国和印度报道慢性砷中毒事件以来,饮用水砷污染和砷中毒问题就受到全世界的关注。如何解决这一难题,研究人员进行了大量研究。本文综述了饮用水中砷的去除方法,包括混凝／沉淀、吸附、离子交换技术等,对各种除砷技术进行了总结和比较。     

百色、陆良盆地石油钻井污水处理

研究了水生植物法、水生植物一化学絮凝法、化学絮凝法、化学沉降法对钻井污水进行的处理，并着重研究了化学絮凝法。通过室内和现场试验应用表明，百色、陆良盆地石油钻井污水采用氯化钙十石灰十铝盐进行三级处理后，可取得满意效果，并有推广应用价值。     

油污土壤微生物生态研究

利用微生物降解土壤中的油等有机污染物的就地生物治理技术受土壤及环境的诸多条件影响,在使用该技术之前,首先要进行油污土壤微生物生态研究,弄清影响微生物处理效果的各种因素。通过对胜利油田油污土壤微生物研究得知：胜利油田油污土壤的ｐＨ值、含水量等指标利于微生物降解原油。土壤优势菌种多为原油降解菌,并且与含油量呈正相关。油污土壤中氮、磷等营养物质含量不足时,向其添加一定数量的营养物质和降解菌,能够提高微生物处理地面溢油的处理效率。     

气相动态顶空法分析水源水中61种挥发性有机物

建立了用于饮用水源水中61种挥发性有机物（VOCs）同时进行分析的气相-动态顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱法（D-HS-GC-MS）,VOCs包括集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目中的31种VOCs。用D-HS-GC-MS法对水样中VOCs进行分析,获得良好的标准曲线线性关系（均大于0.995,溴二氯甲烷除外）,除乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和环氧氯丙烷的方法检出限分别为15 g/L、13 g/L、11 g/L和11 g/L外,其余VOCs的方法检出限均介于0.10～0.58 g/L,饮用水源水实际样品加标回收率和RSD分别为75.8%～116%和1.16%～21.6%（n=3）。气相-动态顶空进样法相对于常见的吹脱捕集法具有不直接接触样品的优势,避免了仪器被样品污染,用于饮用水源水中几十种VOCs的同时分析,在常规监测中可节省大量的人力物力投入。     

生物源挥发性有机物(BVOCs)排放模型及排放模拟研究综述

近30年来,为了掌握BVOCs排放的规律和特征,进一步定量分析评价空气质量和气候变化,向决策者制定相应措施提供科学有效的依据,研究者们致力于研究BVOCs排放机理及其影响因素,并据此建立多种BVOCs排放模型,以模拟区域及全球BVOCs排放。从算法、数据、应用以及局限性4个方面入手,系统回顾了BEIS、GIoBEIS、MEGAN等BVOCs排放模型的研发进程,并评述了国内外BVOCs排放模拟的研究历程,最后从加强机研究、遥感数据的应用、与气候模型及动态植被模型耦合等方面对BVOCs排放模型发展方向进行了展望。