运用区室模型预测有机污染物在沉积物中的吸附行为

运用区室模型对菲和五氯酚(PCP)在8种沉积物中的吸附行为进行了研究.将吸附系统分为液相、固相可逆吸附相、固相不可逆吸附相3个区室.结果表明,8种沉积物对菲和PCP的吸附均表现出相似的变化趋势,即在吸附初期,液相浓度迅速下降,在约10d时开始趋于稳定,可逆吸附相浓度在前10d迅速上升,随后开始下降,不可逆吸附相在整个吸附过程中一直保持上升.沉积物对菲的不可逆吸附占总吸附量的比例比PCP大.用实验数据对模拟不可逆吸附量进行验证表明,模拟值比实验值偏低,可能是由于实验方法差异造成的.吸附态目标物甲醇提取率随吸附时间延长而降低,有机质含量较高的沉积物提取率较低.     

藻类有机质的组成结构对菲和壬基酚生物吸附的影响

对不同来源藻及其有机级分进行元素分析,利用高级核磁共振技术(multi/CP13C NMR)来准确地定量其有机官能团,并研究它们对菲和壬基酚的生物吸附行为和机理。结果表明游离脂和非水解有机碳级分对菲和壬基酚有最高的吸附能力,其吸附容量与脂肪结构呈极显著的正相关,而与极性官能团呈极显著的负相关;而且对壬基酚的吸附容量都大于对菲的吸附容量,可以用专性作用(如π-π键作用和氢键作用)来解释。     

菲在长江口的多介质归趋模拟

利用LevelⅢ逸度模型模拟了稳态假设下菲在长江口中大气、水体、沉积物和植物中的分布,根据模拟结果计算了相间迁移通量,并通过灵敏度分析确定了模型的关键参数.结果表明,大气平流是研究区菲的主要来源,大气和水的平流输出则是菲从研究区环境中消失的主要途径;在反应损失中,气相中的反应损失最大,沉积物的反应损失最小;大气是菲的主...     

Migration of heavy metals and migration-degradation of phenanthrene in soil using electro kinetic-laccase combined remediation system

Abstract

In order to solve the problem of heavy metal-organic compound soil pollution, in this paper, we developed a highly efficient electro kinetic-laccase combined remediation (EKLCR) system. The results showed that the EKLCR system had an obvious migration effect on heavy metals (copper and cadmium) and good migration-degradation effect on phenanthrene. The migration rates of copper and cadmium were 48.3% and 40.3%, respectively. Especially, with the presence of laccase, the removal rate of phenanthrene on Cu²⁺-contaminated soil was higher than that of Cd²⁺-contaminated soil due to the significant effect of heavy metals on the enzymatic activity of laccase. The average migration-degradation rate of phenanthrene by EKLCR system was 45.4%. Finally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze the degradation intermediates of phenanthrene in the soil, which included 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone, phthalic acid, and 2,2-Biphenyldicarboxylic Acid. In addition, we give the possible degradation pathways of phenanthrene, 2,2-Biphenyldicarboxylic Acid is further degraded to produce phthalic acid. The products of the phthalic acid metabolic pathway are protocatechuic acid, pyruvic acid or succinic acid, the final products of these organic acids are carbon dioxide and water.     

碳纳米管基复合吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能

为了解决碳纳米管(CNTs)在吸附水中污染物时易聚集、难分离的问题,本文采用静电自组装技术将碳纳米管固定化在具有微米级粒径的碳酸钙颗粒表面,设计制备了壳-核结构的CNTs基复合吸附剂.实验考查了不同碳纳米管分散体系对复合吸附剂制备的影响,并采用Zeta电位、拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等手段对复合吸附剂的制备过程和结构进行表征,探讨了制备的碳纳米管基复合吸附剂对菲的吸附性能.结果发现,复合吸附剂对菲的吸附能力随CNTs载量的增加而增大,CNTs标化的吸附系数则随CNTs载量的增加而下降,碳纳米管是复合吸附剂的主要吸附位点.     

Tween80对植物吸收菲和芘的影响

以水培体系模拟研究了非离子表面活性剂Tween80对黑麦草吸收菲和芘的影响.结果表明,当培养液中菲和芘的起始浓度分别为1 00mg·L-1和0 12mg·L-1时,0～105 6mg·L-1范围内,低浓度Tween80可促进根和茎叶吸收菲和芘,Tween80浓度为6 6mg·L-1时促进作用最为明显,根和茎叶中菲和芘含量、富集系数为无表面活性剂对照处理的116%～216%;而高浓度则有抑制作用.当培养液中菲和芘的起始浓度为相应Tween80浓度下的表观溶解度时,根和茎叶中菲和芘含量随Tween80浓度上升明显增大,Tween80的增溶作用有利于根和茎叶对菲和芘的吸收.     

吸附态壬基酚对菲吸附的影响及位点能量分布分析

采用不同浓度水平壬基酚(NP)的颗粒物对菲的吸附行为进行等温吸附实验,并使用位点能量分布分析吸附态NP对菲吸附的影响机理,结果表明,菲在低浓度水平有机质天然水体颗粒物、去除有机质的水体颗粒物和高岭土颗粒物上的吸附均较符合Freundlich模型,亲水界面上菲的吸附位点能量较低,低浓度吸附态NP存在时,降低了吸附位点的数量,对菲在颗粒物亲水界面上的吸附产生一定抑制作用,但较高浓度的NP存在时,则可为菲的吸附提供新的低能量位点,从而促进菲的吸附.     

Effect of dissolved organic matter on sorption and desorption of phenanthrene onto black carbon

Sorption and desorption of phenanthrene （PHE） onto black carbon （BC） extracted from sediments were studied in the presence of three types of dissolved organic matter （DOM）, including L-phenylalanine （L-PH）, peptone and citric acid. The nonlinearity of the sorption isotherms increased in the presence of DOM. The presence of L-PH reduced the sorption capacity and desorption hysteresis because of the solubilization of PHE in L-PH solution. Peptone at 50-500 mg/L also led to a decrease in sorption attributed to solubilization, although the sorbed peptone on the BC surface could slightly increase PHE sorption. Unlike L-PH and peptone, citric acid enhanced the sorption capacity and irreversibility of PHE on BC mainly due to the strong sorption of citric acid on the BC surface. Our results may help to understand the different impacts of DOM on the distribution and transport of PAH in the environment.     

菲在土壤中的微生物降解研究

研究了不同条件土壤中多环芳烃菲的降解动态。结果表明：温度和底物浓度对土壤中菲的降解有较大影响,未灭菌土壤中菲的降解半衰期为5.1d;从污染土壤中分离到一株高效降解菲的菌株,经16S rDNA鉴定为产碱杆菌属（Alcaligenes bacterium LBM.）,同源性高达99%;随着优势菌接种量增加,基础培养基中菲降解速率逐渐加快;Fe3＋、Co2＋和Cu2＋对优势菌降解菲能力均有不同程度影响,其中以Fe3＋影响最明显。     

菲降解菌株的分离鉴定及特性研究

从某石化公司污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离到1株对菲具有降解活性的菌株AFF,该菌株能够以菲为唯一碳源和能源生长.根据形态特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析,该菌株初步鉴定为Burkholderia sp..在以菲为唯一碳源的培养基中,84 h内菌株对100 mg·L-1菲的降解率可达74.1%.通过液相-质谱联用及紫外可见分光光度法分析,推测该菌株代谢菲的途径为水杨酸途径.测定了降解途径中相关酶的活性,表明该菌株降解酶系中具有邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶活性,并证明该酶为诱导酶;确定了粗酶降解邻苯二酚的动力学常数:米氏常数Km为10.93μmol·L-1,最大反应速率Vmax为106.38μmol·min-1,说明酶与邻苯二酚的亲和力较大,邻苯二酚是该酶的良好底物.