酚酸类有机化工废水处理技术

酚酸废水是典型的难降解有毒有机化工废水之一。在分析中 ,综述了我国酚酸类有机化工废水的几种主要处理技术及应用情况 ,指出了酚酸废水处理技术的发展方向     

危化品泄漏围堵材料理化性能及燃烧行为研究

针对易燃液体泄漏围堵问题,开发了1种可快速发泡的酚醛泡沫材料,对其表观密度、耐水性、耐酸性、耐碱性、氧指数、燃烧行为及产烟成分进行系统研究。研究结果表明:发泡材料在中性和酸性液体环境中表现出良好的耐受性;在碱性环境中稳定性降低,由于共轭效应,导致分子中的H+遇碱性环境发生中和反应;发泡材料的氧指数和锥形量热测试参数（热释放速率、总热释放量及总生烟量等）表明该材料具有良好的耐火性;发泡原料中的含硫交联剂是其燃烧产烟生成较高浓度SO2的主要原因。     

缩聚-Fenton-A/O生物流化床组合工艺处理酚醛废水的工程案例分析

以广州某公司生产酚醛树脂时产生的酚醛废水为研究对象,针对其高浓度、生物毒性强、可生化性差及难降解等特点,设计缩聚-Fenton-A/O生物流化床联合工艺进行处理。此工艺的工程实践中,在总HRT低于75 h的操作条件下,当进水COD、苯酚及甲醛浓度分别为1.0×105～1.2×105 mg/L、2.2×104～2.5×1...     

高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水的预处理

采用二次缩合反应预处理高浓度酚醛树脂生产废水。一次反应的最佳工艺条件为：甲醛加入量0.010 0 mL/mL,Ba（OH）2加入量0.005 g/mL,反应时间3 h,反应温度85 ℃。最佳工艺条件下的一次反应COD去除率为 52.9%。二次反应中,当反应温度为80 ℃、反应时间为3 h、尿素加入量为3 g/L时,二次反应COD去除率最高,为31.5%。COD=85 000 mg/L、ρ（挥发酚）= 12 000 mg/L、ρ（甲醛）=6 740 mg/L的废水经两次缩合反应处理后,出水中COD=27 400 mg/L,COD的总去除率为67.8%;ρ（挥发酚）=2 400 mg/L,挥发酚的总去除率达80.0%;ρ（甲醛）= 980 mg/L,甲醛的总去除率达84.9%。处理1 t废水还可回收酚醛树脂6.75 kg。     

二氧化氯对水中酚类化合物的去除效果

本文采用模拟水厂混凝沉淀－过滤处理工艺,进行了ＣｌＯ２投量和投加点对水中酚类化合物的去除效果试验研究,并与液氯做了对比,结果表明,ＣｌＯ２对酚类化合物的去除效果优于液氯,且后投ＣｌＯ２的效果好于中间投和预投ＣｌＯ２,双层滤料过滤好于单层滤料,这为ＣｌＯ２在饮用水中的应用提供了科学依据。     

Degradation of para-hydroxybenzoic acid by means of mixed microbial cultures

Olive mill wastewater contains some phenolic compounds that cause antibacterial activity of a kind that prevents biological treatment without previous dilution. Among these phenolic compounds, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) is considered to be one of the most representative. This work examines the biodegradation of PHB by aerobic microbial mixed cultures previously acclimatized to glucose, which was used as an easily biodegradable model compound. Microbial growth runs were carried out in a batch reactor in the PHB concentration range of 200-1000 mg/L. In all the runs the PHB proved to be completely degradable. The specific growth rates obtained were in the range of 0.16-0.35 l/h. Experimental runs showed that the functional relationship between the specific growth rate and PHB concentration was that proposed by Monod. The kinetic constants of the Monod equation (mu(max) and K(S)) and biomass yield coefficient (Y) were determined experimentally. With the parameter values thus obtained, a mathematical model that also takes account of the duration of the lag phase was employed to describe both the microbial growth and the consumption of PHB. The concentration values of the model fit well with the data obtained experimentally.     

酚类化合物高效吸附剂的效能研究

本文研究了自制的吸附剂对苯酚、 4 氯酚、 2 4 二氯酚和五氯酚钠的吸附行为 ,以及pH值和投加量等因素对吸附的影响 .结果表明 ,Freundlich和Langmuir等温线都能够较好地表述这四种酚类化合物的吸附行为 ;在pH 6 5— 7 5 ,投加量为 8g·l- 1 ,振荡平衡后 ,自制的吸附剂对苯酚、 4 氯酚、 2 4 二氯酚和五氯酚钠的去除率可以达到 90 %以上     

Allelopathic potential of Medicago arborea, a Mediterranean invasive shrub

Summary. Biological invasions are nowadays a major problem in ecology. Allelopathy has been shown to be involved in such invasions, but this mechanism has been little studied in France. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the allelopathic potential of Medicago arborea, an invasive species in the French Mediterranean region. Foliar extracts were tested on three target species (Lactuca sativa, Lepidium sativum and Linum strictum). We showed that Medicago arborea has high allelopathic potential to affect the growth and germination of other species. Yellow flax (Linum strictum), native to the invaded area, was the most sensitive of the tested plant species to foliar extracts of Medicago arborea. Our study pointed out the role of allelopathy in processes leading to biological invasion, and more generally in population dynamics.     

Superior CO2 uptake on nitrogen doped carbonaceous adsorbents from commercial phenolic resin

In this study, N-doped porous carbons were produced with commercial phenolic resin as the raw material, urea as the nitrogen source and KOH as the activation agent. Different from conventional carbonization-nitriding-activation three-step method, a facile two-step process was explored to produce N-incorporated porous carbons. The as-obtained adsorbents hold superior CO₂ uptake, i.e. 5.01 and 7.47 mmol/g at 25?°C and 0?°C under 1 bar, respectively. The synergistic effects of N species on the surface and narrow micropores of the adsorbents decide their CO₂ uptake under 25?°C and atmospheric pressure. These phenolic resin-derived adsorbents also possess many extremely promising CO₂ adsorption features like good recyclability, quick adsorption kinetics, modest heat of adsorption, great selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ and outstanding dynamic adsorption capacity. Cheap precursor, easy preparation strategy and excellent CO₂ adsorption properties make these phenolic resin-derived N-doped carbonaceous adsorbents highly promising in CO₂ capture.     

协同-络合萃取法回收含酚废水中的酚类

在现有的各种回收处理高浓度含酚废水的方法中,溶剂萃取法最为有效.但现有常用脱酚萃取剂分别存在着萃取效能低等诸多缺点,萃残液中一般尚存有几十至几百mg·l~(-1)的酚类,本文提出了协同-络合萃取法,并按该法原理研制了HC-1—HC-4四类新型协同-络合萃取剂.其中HC-3和HC-4对苯酚稀溶液的萃取平衡常数分别为K_((?)C-3)=612.4和K_((?)C-4)=483.7,单级萃取可将两组中高浓度的含酚废水中酚浓度降至10mg·l~(-1)以厂,脱酚率>99%.该法为一步脱酚达标提供了可能性.