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81.
通过一系列实验,探讨了粉末活性炭吸附水中苯酚时,腐殖酸(HA)浓度和细颗粒泥沙用量对苯酚吸附量和去除率的影响.实验结果表明:在中性条件下,随着HA浓度的增加,粉末活性炭对苯酚的吸附量减少;在不同质量细颗粒泥沙的影响下,苯酚的去除率基本不变;在未加HA时,粉末活性炭对苯酚的吸附行为用Langmuir吸附等温式拟合效果最好,对苯酚的最大吸附量为150.60 mg/g,而在有HA存在时,粉末活性炭对苯酚的吸附行为用Freundlich吸附等温式拟合效果最好,对苯酚的最大吸附量为28.49 mg/g. 相似文献
82.
为去除化工生产等过程中产生的酸雾废气,首先用水作用法、微波法和传统湿法对粉煤灰进行改性试验,结果显示:传统湿法中的碱法效果最佳,改性后粉煤灰的BET比表面积是改性前的8.23倍.再用改性后的粉煤灰与廉价易得的天然矿物沸石和熟石灰作为活性组分,制得一种新型的复合吸附剂.常温常压下,动态吸附盐酸雾,实验结果表明:由改性粉煤灰制作的吸附剂G对盐酸雾的吸附性能比未经改性的吸附剂W有所提高,在文中所述条件下,饱和吸附量由改性前的331.4 mg/g提高到改性后的445.2 mg/g. 相似文献
83.
The photocatalytic inactivation (PCI) of Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) was performed using polyoxometalate (POM) as a homogeneous photocatalyst and compared with that of heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalyst. Aqueous suspensions of the microorganisms (107–108 cfu ml−1) and POM (or TiO2) were irradiated with black light lamps. The POM-PCI was faster than (or comparable to) TiO2-PCI under the experimental conditions employed in this study. The relative efficiency of POM-PCI was species-dependent. Among three POMs (H3PW12O40, H3PMo12O40, and H4SiW12O40) tested in this study, the inactivation of E. coli was fastest with H4SiW12O40 while that of B. subtilis was the most efficient with H3PW12O40. Although the biocidal action of TiO2 photocatalyst has been commonly ascribed to the role of photogenerated reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxides, the cell death mechanism with POM seems to be different from TiO2-PCI. While TiO2 caused the cell membrane disruption, POM did not induce the cell lysis. When methanol was added to the POM solution, not only the PCI of E. coli was enhanced (contrary to the case of TiO2-PCI) but also the dark inactivation was observed. This was ascribed to the in situ production of formaldehyde from the oxidation of methanol. The interesting biocidal property of POM photocatalyst might be utilized as a potential disinfectant technology. 相似文献
84.
Wang Xinmin Hou Yanlin & Jie Xiaolei Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Resource Environment Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China. 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2004,2(4)
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of citric and oxalic acids effect on Pb and Zn uptake by corn and winter wheat. The experiment was employed with citric acid (CA) applied at 3 rates (0, 1.5 and 3.0 mmol kg-1 soil), oxalic acid (OA) at 3 rates (0, 1.5 and 3.0mmol kg-1 soil) and citric acid combined with oxalic acid (1.5 mmol citric acid combined with 1.5 mmol oxalic acid kg-1). Two types of soil were chose in the experiment. One was collected from the agricultural soil near a battery-recycling factory in Anhui province, China (site A) and the other was collected from a Pb-Zn mine residues in Hunan province, China (site B). The results showed that soil pH varied with the different treatment of citric and oxalic acids. However, there were no differences in all the treatments. 3.0mmol CA kg-1 soil addition significantly increased the concentrations of the CaCI2-extractable Pb and Zn and other treatments have no significantly increased. The highest shoot concentrations of Pb and Zn 相似文献
85.
In this study, organic fractions, namely, humic acid, fulvic acid, hydrophobic base and neutral, and hydrophilic acid, base, and -neutral, were extracted from source water. First, the characteristics of the organic fractions, such as carboxylic acidity, phenolic acidity, ultraviolet absorbance, and aromatic content, were analyzed. Further, a systematic study was carried out to the by-products obtained when organic fractions, to which various amounts of bromide had been added, were oxidized with ozone. Samples after ozonation were analyzed for several brominated organics. The results indicate that the characteristics of the aquatic organic matter, including carboxylic/phenolic acidity, aromatic/aliphatic content, and ultraviolet absorbance, appear to affect the formation of halogenated organics. In general, hydrophobic organics having higher phenolic acidity, aromatic content, and ultraviolet absorbance have higher ozone consumption and produce higher concentrations of brominated organics than hydrophilic organics. It was also found that humic acid demonstrated the highest bromoform (CHBr(3)), dibromoacetic acid (DBAA), and 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP) formation, whereas hydrophilic neutral produced less CHBr(3) and 2,4-DBP than the rest of the organic fractions but produced the highest amount of dibromoacetone (DBAC) and dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN). 相似文献
86.
Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) is a member of the family of compounds known as chloroacetic acids, which includes mono-, di- and trichloroacetic acid. The significant property these compounds share is that they are all phytotoxic. TCAA once was widely used as a potent herbicide. However, long after TCAA's use as a herbicide was discontinued, its presence is still detected in the environment in various compartments. Methods for quantifying TCAA in aqueous and solid samples are summarized. Concentrations in various environmental compartments are presented, with a discussion of the possible formation of TCAA through natural processes. Concentrations of TCAA found to be toxic to aquatic and terrestrial organisms in laboratory and field studies were compiled and used to estimate risk quotients for soil and surface waters. TCAA levels in most water bodies not directly affected by point sources appear to be well below toxicity levels for the most sensitive aquatic organisms. Given the phytotoxicity of TCAA, aquatic plants and phytoplankton would be the aquatic species to monitor for potential effects. Given the concentrations of TCAA measured in various soils, there appears to be a risk to terrestrial organisms. Soil uptake of TCAA by plants has been shown to be rapid. Also, combined uptake of TCAA from soil and directly from the atmosphere has been shown. Therefore, risk quotients derived from soil exposure may underestimate the risk TCAA poses to plants. Moreover, TCE and TCA have been shown to be taken up by plants and converted to TCAA, thus leading to an additional exposure route. Mono- and di-chloroacetic acids can co-occur with TCAA in the atmosphere and soil and are more phytotoxic than TCAA. The cumulative effects of TCAA and compounds with similar toxic effects found in air and soil must be considered in subsequent terrestrial ecosystem risk assessments. 相似文献
87.
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89.
利用硫铁矿渣(灰)制取海绵铁 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
结合硫酸生产的特点,充分利用废热的方法,提出一种采用流态化技术,还原回收硫铁矿渣(灰)中铁元素的工艺流程,并对流程中的流态化还原炉进行了初步的物料,热理衡算,同时对该工艺流程技术经济比较作了小结。认为此工艺流程技术可靠,有直接经济效益,对综合利用硫铁矿渣(灰)中的铁元素,消除渣(灰)对环境的污染,有着深远的意义。 相似文献
90.
Bacterial decolorization of anthraquinone dye intermediates is a slow process under aerobic conditions. To speed up the process, in the present study, effects of various nutrients on 1-amino-4-bromoanthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (ABAS) decolorization by Sphingomonas xenophaga QYY were investigated. The results showed that peptone, yeast extract and casamino acid amendments promoted ABAS bio-decolorization. In particular, the addition of peptone and casamino acids could improve the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Further experiments showed that L-proline had a more significant accelerating effect on ABAS decolorization compared with other amino acids. L-Proline not only supported cell growth, but also significantly increased the decolorization activity of strain QYY. Membrane proteins of strain QYY exhibited ABAS decolorization activities in the presence of L-proline or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, while this behavior was not observed in the presence of other amino acids. Moreover, the positive correlation between L-proline concentration and the decolorization activity of membrane proteins was observed, indicating that L-proline plays an important role in ABAS decolorization. The above findings provide us not only a novel insight into bacterial ABAS decolorization, but also an L-proline-supplemented bioaugmentation strategy for enhancing ABAS bio-decolorization. 相似文献