两相UASB反应器处理含高浓度硫酸盐黑液

两相UASB反应器处理含高浓度硫酸盐黑液,酸化相为8.87L的普通升流式反应器,甲烷相为28.75L的UASB反应器,系统温度(35±1)℃。当酸化相进水COD为(6.771～11.057)g/L,SO42-为(5.648～8.669)g/L,pH值为5.5时,整个系统COD去除率平均值为74.42%;系统对负荷的冲击有较强的耐受能力。     

影响聚磷菌与聚糖菌竞争的关键因素研究进展

增强生物除磷（EBPR）是一种高效、经济的除磷工艺,然而在某些条件下聚糖菌的过量繁殖导致除磷效果恶化。文章阐述了影响聚磷菌和聚糖菌生长的关键因素,从而可以选择性的培养聚磷菌并使其处于竞争优势,这对于提高EBPR的除磷效果、增强工艺的稳定性具有重要的意义。     

Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous matrices--a review

Over the past few years, antibiotics have been considered emerging pollutants due to their continuous input and persistence in the aquatic ecosystem even at low concentrations. They have been detected worldwide in environmental matrices, indicating their ineffective removal from water and wastewater using conventional treatment methods. To prevent this contamination, several processes to degrade/remove antibiotics have been studied. This review addresses the current state of knowledge concerning the input sources, occurrence and mainly the degradation and removal processes applied to a specific class of micropollutants, the antibiotics. In this paper, different remediation techniques were evaluated and compared, such as conventional techniques (biological processes, filtration, coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), adsorption, membrane processes and combined methods. In this study, it was found that ozonation, Fenton/photo-Fenton and semiconductor photocatalysis were the most tested methodologies. Combined processes seem to be the best solution for the treatment of effluents containing antibiotics, especially those using renewable energy and by-products materials.     

水淬渣人工湿地强化除磷作用研究

研究了水淬渣的磷吸附-解吸效果,构建了以水淬渣为主要基质的模拟垂直流人工湿地系统,分析了水力停留时间(HRT)和污染负荷变化对污水中磷去除的影响,探讨了湿地上行、下行流单元各层基质的除磷贡献.结果表明,水淬渣基质的磷饱和吸附量为3 333 mg.kg-1,其水溶性钙含量为0.084%,pH值为7.54,适合作为湿地除磷基质.HRT与磷除去率呈正相关,当HRT从1 d缩短为0.5 d时,TP去除率降低5.9%~4.7%,当HRT从2 d缩短为1 d时,TP去除率降低2.4%~4.7%,HRT为1 d条件下,水淬渣湿地的磷去除率>85%,说明无限延长HRT无益于强化除磷,适宜的HRT为1 d.在进水浓度稳定的条件下,进水污染负荷与磷去除率呈负相关,当污染负荷范围在12.2~36.8 g.(m2.d)-1时,水淬渣湿地的磷除去率可维持在85%,当污染负荷达到48.9 g.(m2.d)-1后,水淬渣湿地的磷除去率下降至65%,当污染负荷<36.8 g.(m2.d)-1时,水淬渣湿地的磷去除率>82%,说明高污染负荷可抑制基质表面及孔隙中Ca、Al等吸附磷的活跃位点,适宜的进水污染负荷为24.5~36.8g.(m2.d...     

乳化液废水均相催化湿式氧化动力学

在2L高压间歇反应釜中,以高浓度难降解乳化废水为处理对象,研究了温度对铜盐均相湿式氧化的影响和动力学特征.结果表明:升高温度对加快后期反应速度更为有利,催化剂有利于中间产物氧化,在200℃催化活性最高,在进水COD48 400mg/L,反应2h去除率为86.6%;催化剂在不同温度作用下机制有所差别:200℃时3个途径反应速度均加快,中间产物加速氧化更明显;220～240℃时反应向生成中间产物方向偏移,活性降低;通用模型能较好地预测均相催化过程.     

Inorganic nitrogen removal of toilet wastewater with an airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor

Removal of inorganic nitrogen (inorganic-N) from toilet wastewater, using a pilot-scale airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor (AEC-MBR) was studied. The results showed that the use of AEC-MBR with limited addition of alkaline reagents and volumetric loading rates of inorganic-N of 0.19-0.40 kg inorganic-N/(m3·d) helped achieve the desired nitrification and denitrification. Furthermore, the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on inorganic-N removal were examined. Under the condition of MLSS at 1.56-2.35 g/L, BOD5/ammonia nitrogen (NH/-N) at 1.0, pH at 7.0-7.5, and DO at 1.0-2.0 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of NH4 -N and inorganic-N were 91.5% and 70.0%, respectively, in the AEC-MBR. The cost of addition of alkaline reagent was approximately 0.5-1.5 RMB yuan/m3, and the energy consumption was approximately 0.72 kWh/m3 at the flux of 8 L/(m2·h).     

钢渣对水体中磷的去除性能及机制解析

针对不同类型钢渣在除磷过程中存在的显著差异,以电炉渣为研究对象,探讨了环境因素（吸附时间、吸附温度）对钢渣除磷的影响,验证了其对磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐及实际水体的除磷效果,联合采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线能谱（EDS）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和X射线衍射光谱（XRD）技术探究其除磷机制,对比分析了钢渣与陶粒和沸石的除磷效率,并对钢渣除磷的安全性能进行了评估.结果表明,吸附时间显著影响钢渣除磷效果,当吸附时间为30 min时钢渣对质量浓度范围为1~20 mg·L^-1的磷酸盐溶液的去除率均可达到97%以上.温度对实验所用钢渣的除磷效果影响并不显著.钢渣对焦磷酸盐吸附能力弱于正磷酸盐,其对初始质量浓度为3 mg·L^-1的焦磷酸盐的去除率为82.45%.光谱分析结果表明,钢渣除磷的主要机制为化学吸附并辅以物理吸附,CaHPO₄·2H₂O为主要沉淀物质.钢渣对生物池出水和湿地系统中的磷素去除效果显著,总磷去除率分别为98.36%和93.33%.对比可知,钢渣对磷酸盐的去除效果优于陶粒和沸石,其对PO₄^3-的去除率分别为96%、40%和10%.钢渣浸出液中各重金属含量均符合地表水Ⅰ类标准要求,钢渣安全可靠.     

树脂基纳米零价铁复合材料的制备及其去除重金属铅Pb(Ⅱ)的性能研究

凭借着优越的还原活性,纳米零价铁在环境污染治理和修复领域应用广泛。通过将纳米零价铁(n ZVI)颗粒负载到大孔阴离子和阳离子交换树脂上,成功制备出2种树脂基纳米零价铁复合材料。研究了2种复合材料及其载体对水溶液中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除性能,考察了不同载体功能基团对复合材料去除Pb(Ⅱ)性能的影响。结果表明:以大孔阴离子交换树脂为载体的D001-Fe0复合材料因具有离子交换和化学还原双重作用,对Pb(Ⅱ)的去除效率高、速率快。     

一株好氧反硝化菌的反硝化性能研究

从长期运行的生物滤塔中筛选出一株好氧反硝化菌株A1,经鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida。文章目的是对A1的反硝化特性进行研究,结果表明A1菌株在好氧条件下能有效去除培养液中的硝酸盐氮,24h脱氮率可达到94.84%。C/N对菌株A1的好氧反硝化能力有很大影响,当C/N>5时,基本能够进行完全的反硝化。和其他已报道的好氧反硝化菌相比,A1菌株有着更高的氧耐受浓度。菌株A1能够以硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐和氧气为电子受体进行协同呼吸,硝酸盐呼吸和亚硝酸盐呼吸都具有较高的脱氮效率,并且亚硝酸盐呼吸要较硝酸盐呼吸更容易进行。以丁二酸盐、葡萄糖和乙酸盐作为碳源时,其脱氮效果均要明显好于乙醇作为碳源。     

低温条件下生物除磷系统的强化启动和运行

本文通过对比试验对冬季低温条件下生物除磷系统的启动和运行进行了研究，结果表明，低温条件下：(1)温度对生物除磷系统的影响是通过影响有机物的酸化水解而间接产生作用的；(2)通过人工投加HAc使污水中VFA≥80mg／L时，可以顺利启动生物除磷系统；(3)设置独立水解酸化池，可以提高生物除磷效果，在进水COD=150～300mg/L、磷酸盐=5mg／L时，出水磷酸盐≤1mg／L；(4)低温条件下按照水解-外循环ERP-SBR方式运行时，在磷酸盐浓度高达10mg／L的情况下仍能保证出水磷酸盐浓度≤0．5mg／L。