重庆颗粒物自然沉降分布与其显微镜下的物理特征

本文研究了重庆颗粒物自然沉降的分布规律;揭示了市区、郊区颗粒物在显微镜下的物理特征,为研究颗粒物对建筑物体的腐蚀提供了有力的依据。     

挤压变形对MB15镁合金及组织性能的影响

对MB15镁合金进行热处理,然后进行挤压试验,挤压变形MB15镁合金组织以剪切条纹和细小的α再结晶等轴晶为基本特征。挤压变形可显著地细化镁合金晶粒并提高镁合金的力学性能。随挤压比的增大,晶粒细化程度增加;强度、硬度随挤压比的增大而增大。所制定的工艺合理,挤压出的管材、型材有较好的力学性能。     

钢铁厂铁鳞、铁红基本物性及还原性研究

对钢铁厂铁鳞、铁红的基本物化性能和还原性能进行了研究。结果表明：粒度较粗、全铁较高铁鳞的还原性较好，适于作为优质海绵铁的原料。粒度极细、全铁高且杂质含量很低的铁红还原性也较好，适于作还原铁粉生产的原料。     

MTO/FCC反应器高温高压设备隔热衬里对金属壳体温度分布的影响

MTO/FCC反应器高温高压设备的隔热衬里发生局部开裂或破碎时,该部分衬里将保持全部或部分隔热功能。以衬里的破坏厚度和破坏高度作为控制变量,研究衬里破坏程度对衬里-金属结构温度分布的影响。结果表明:设计温度为750℃时,随着衬里破坏厚度和破坏高度的增加,衬里-金属结构温度逐渐升高,且存在温度上限;当衬里设备存在"施工缝"缺陷时,随着衬里破坏厚度的增加,衬里-金属结构的温度增高,最大温度为546℃;当衬里破坏厚度超过80%时,金属壳体最高温度为346℃,验证了国外手册中衬里破坏决策书选取350℃为极限温度条件的科学性和适用性。     

细粒酒精模型冰力学性能综合评述

简要介绍现行几种模型冰质量评价指标。对细粒精模型冰的特征进行了归纳和分析。阐明细粒酒精模型冰历史资源的可靠性，从模型冰变形模量与弯曲强度的关系和压缩强度民弯曲强度的关系，以及其它物理和力学数入手，综合评价了细粒酒精模型冰的质量。     

Estimation of primary drainage three-phase relative permeability for organic liquid transport in the vadose zone

The modeling of transport of organic liquid contaminants through the vadose zone often requires three-phase relative permeabilities. Since these are difficult to measure, predictive models are usually used. The objective of this study is to assess the ability of eight common models to predict the drainage relative permeability to oil in a three-phase system (water-oil-air). A comparison of the models' estimates using data set from Oak [Oak, M.J., 1990. Three-phase relative permeability of water-wet Berea. In: Seventh Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Paper SPE/Doe 20183. Tulsa, OK, April 22-25] showed that they provide very different predictions for the same system. The goodness of the models does not increase with the amount of data or computation that the models require. Also, the calculations showed how different interpretations of the models and of the terminology associated with them can significantly impact the predictions. Thus, considerable error may be introduced into the simulations of organic liquid transport in the vadose zone depending on the selection and interpretation of the three-phase relative permeability model.     

活性炭改性研究进展

本文从表面结构特性、表面化学性质和电化学性质 3个方面叙述了国内外在活性炭改性方面的研究进展。表面结构特性改性主要是从增大比表面积和控制孔径分布两方面展开 ,从而增大吸附量 ;表面化学性质改性主要是通过氧化还原改变表面含氧酸性、碱性基团的相对含量以及负载金属改性 ,从而改变对极性、极性较弱或非极性物质的吸附能力 ;电化学性质改性主要是通过加微电场改变活性炭表面的带电性和由此而产生的化学性质的变化 ,从而改变吸附性能。最后 ,本文还从活性炭的吸附性质方面 ,客观地提出了今后发展方向     

土地处理法处理钻探泥浆的土壤特性研究

论述了中国陆上油田的土壤类型，这些土壤的理化性质以及土壤中的微生物种类。采用土地处理法处理废弃泥浆时，一方面，废弃泥浆中的重金属、有机物对土壤会带来负面的影响，如有机质及阳离子的含量升高，含盐量升高，pH升高，土壤的孔隙度降低等；另一方面，微生物降解有机物而形成腐植质，可以改善土壤性质。并且，通过对土壤的改良，可以解决上述的负面影响。最后得出结论，土地处理法处理废弃泥浆在技术上、经济上、环境上都是可行的。     

纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫制备研究*

为更好地解决煤矿采空区煤炭自燃问题,以十二烷基硫酸钠为主体进行发泡剂复配,通过泡沫性能测试实验,研制出高性能发泡剂。以纳米氢氧化铝作为固相颗粒,制备出发泡倍数高、稳定性强的纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫,使用锥形量热仪研究其高温阻燃能力和消烟性能。实验结果表明:当纳米氢氧化铝的质量分数从0提高到1%时,泡沫体积从500 mL增长至830 mL;当质量分数从3%提高到4%时,泡沫析液半衰期由15 min提升至42 min,且能在完全析液后保留三维网状结构。在高温阻燃和消烟能力方面,纳米氢氧化铝三相泡沫的加入将点燃时间从24 s延长至87 s,持续燃烧时间从835 s缩短至325 s,热释放速率高峰值从97.2 kW/m2降低至49.8 kW/m2,烟气生成速率峰值从0.064 m2/s降低至0.012 m2/s,对CO,CO2释放速率也有一定抑制作用。     

Physical,Mechanical, and Morphological Characteristics of Extruded Starch Acetate Foams

Starch acetates with degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.57, 1.11, 1.68, and 2.23 were prepared and extruded with either water or ethanol. The microstructure, physical properties (radial expansion ratio [RER] and unit density), mechanical properties (spring index [SI] and compressibility), and crystalline structure of the foams were investigated. The functional properties were a function of DS and blowing agent type. When water was used as the blowing agent and DS increased, the foams were pale yellow, with rough and uneven surfaces. The cells were dense, with thick cell walls. Lower RER and SI, with higher DS, were associated with high unit density and compressibility. When ethanol was used as the blowing agent, contrary results were observed. The snow-white foams had smooth surfaces, uniform cells, and smooth cell walls. High RER and SI, and low unit density and compressibility were observed. The changes in SI and compressibility with RER also were examined and found to depend on the type of solvent. A crystalline pattern was observed because of the formation of well-ordered structures during extrusion.