管道结构对氢/空预混气体爆炸特性影响研究

为研究管道结构对氢-空预混气体爆炸特性影响,采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,分析不同管道结构内氢-空预混气体燃爆时火焰传播进程、爆炸压力、湍流动能变化及流场分布.结果表明:90°弯管对氢-空预混气体爆炸强度增强作用明显高于T型分岔管和直管.火焰阵面在结构突变处褶皱变形较明显,并出现大尺度强湍流和涡团,气团脉动速度与湍流...     

含热熔孔洞缺陷的埋地聚乙烯管道应力分析及寿命预测

为了研究聚乙烯（PE）管道热熔孔洞缺陷与寿命之间的关系,基于Ansys软件对埋地状态下的含有热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道进行应力分析,得到了含热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道在不同内压下的最大Mises应力、环向应力和径向应力的变化数据;依据应力分析数据,使用Matlab编写程序,根据Suleiman双曲本构模型对PE管道进行了寿命预测。研究结果表明:含有热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道,其最大应力随管道内压的增大而增大,寿命随着管道内压和缺陷体积的增大而减少,含缺陷管道寿命和内压关系可使用双对数函数来进行描述;使用应力分析和寿命预测相结合的方法,可以得到不同缺陷的PE管道寿命-内压关系式。     

热力耦合作用对桩及桩间土拱效应的影响研究*

为研究负温对桩侧应力及桩间土拱效应的影响,通过FLAC3D软件模拟热力耦合作用下新型排桩冻结法中桩间土拱效应的变化及温度效应下的桩间距,并根据巴霍尔金单排管冻结稳态温度场解析解,建立冻结壁平均温度区域解。研究结果表明:桩土接触面的应力分量τxy近似线性变化,应力分量σx近似均匀分布,温度降低对应力分量τxy的分布影响较小,但对应力分量σx的影响较大;负温使桩间距发生变化,且整体平均应力的分布也更加均匀化;通过与巴霍尔金解析解对比,证明单排管冻结温度场模型的可行性,在此基础上建立的单排管冻结壁平均温度区域解,其与数值模拟结果相差不超过1 ℃,计算误差满足工程要求;随着冻结时间的增加,单排管冻结壁温度场呈抛物线形式降低。     

架空管道震害预测实用方法的研究

根据震害调查分析和试验研究结果,建立了由环境因素和管道结构参数组成的,对架空管道震害预测进行二级多因素模糊综合评判的方法。文中给出了计算、评价构成二级评判因素地震烈度、场地类型、工作状态和结构种类各档次正态模糊数范数ａｋ的参数和对实际情况如何确定的方法。本文为面广量大的已建架空管道的震害预测工作提供了一套科学性强,方便实用的计算方法。     

Evaluation of environmental feasibility of steel pipe sheet pile cutoff wall at coastal landfill sites

An evaluation method that can express the local leakage of leachate from joint sections in steel pipe sheet pile (SPSP) cutoff walls is discussed in this study. In particular, the evaluation of environmental feasibility (containment of leachates containing toxic substances) considering a three-dimensional arrangement and hydraulic conductivity distribution of the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall is compared with an evaluation that uses the equivalent hydraulic conductivity. This equivalent hydraulic conductivity assumes that the joint section and the steel pipe are integrated; therefore, the hydraulic conductivity is substituted with a uniform permeable layer. However, in an evaluation that employs the equivalent hydraulic conductivity, it is difficult to consider the local leakage of leachate containing toxic substances from the joint sections in the SPSP cutoff wall. It was established that evaluations of the environmental feasibility of SPSP cutoff walls with joint sections must take into account the local leakage of leachates containing toxic substances from the joint sections. Also, it was clarified that technologies that lower the hydraulic conductivities of joint sections in SPSP cutoff walls and also facilitate the use of sparser joint arrangements contribute significantly to increasing the environmental feasibility of SPSP cutoff walls at landfill sites.     

Propagation and intensity of blast wave from hydrogen pipe rupture due to internal detonation

The coupled fluid-structure-rupture model was developed to study the propagation and intensity of blast wave from hydrogen pipe rupture due to internal detonation. The dynamic rupture of pipe and propagation of blast wave were well coupled together in every timestep during the simulation. The numerical model was validated with experiments in terms of both typical rupture profiles and blast overpressures. Results reveal that crack branching of pipe can dramatically increase the rupture opening rate which controls the intensity and shape of the resultant blast wave. Due to the process of crack initiation and extension, the blast wave out of the pipe first forms and then is strengthened by the subsequent compression waves. This makes the maximum peak overpressure appears at a certain standoff distance above the rupture. Despite consuming some percentages of energy, the dynamic rupture of pipe generally presents positive effects (up to 2–3 times) on the blast wave intensity along the jetting direction due to the convergence effect of rupture opening on the release of internal high-pressure gas. Finally, through defining normalized overpressure and impulse based on the same hydrogen detonation in open spaces, the quantitative influences of pipe rupture on the blast wave intensity in cases of different detonation pressures and standoff distances are clarified.     

山地城市排水管网特细颗粒物特性及变化规律

对山地城市排水管网中特细颗粒物的粒径分布特征及变化规律、Zeta电位分布特征及变化规律和ρ(SS)的变化规律进行研究,同时对相关水化学参数(如电导率、pH)的变化规律进行了分析.结果表明:特细颗粒物的平均粒径、Zeta电位、ρ(SS)和电导率分别为21.04～73.53μm、-20.83～-11.15 mV、106～492 mg/L和973～2 445μS/cm,其统计平均值分别为(43.74±14.12)μm、(-17.95±1.88)mV、(233±90)mg/L和(1 343±331)μS/cm;pH为7.25～7.63.工业废水的排入对排水管网特细颗粒物的粒径分布特征、Zeta电位分布特征以及电导率有显著的影响并呈现出一定的规律性;传统沉砂池对进水中特细颗粒物的去除能力相当有限,特细颗粒物会直接进入生物处理系统.      

城市给水管网优化设计研究

研究了几种典型的城市给水管网优化设计数学模型,并给出了求解方法,指出在给水管网系统的优化设计中进一步完善广义简约(GRG)算法的必要性.     

Environmental life cycle assessment of different types of the municipal wastewater pipeline network

With the onset of social life, humans have considered waste disposal as essential, and they have been able to repel it through brick and clay channels. Checking sewage pipes for energy consumption and a longer lifetime than other sewage system components is important. Climate change and exploitation of industrial resources have made environmental impacts, which are important factors in decision making. The purpose of this study was to introduce the most suitable type of sewage pipe considering environmental protection. Therefore, we applied the environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) method, using Sima Pro 8.2.3 software for the one-kilometer length of concrete pipes (300 mm in diameter), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyethylene (PE) (315 mm in diameter). Also, the BEES method and sensitivity analysis were used to validate the results. The comparison between three types of municipal wastewater pipes indicated that PE pipes are a more environmentally friendly option than PVC, and concrete pipes in pipe recycling, reducing extraction from untapped resources, and inefficient extraction of resources. Electricity, diesel fuel, and sulfate resistance cement consumption for concrete production are the most pollution elements in the LCA of concrete pipes. Usage of PVC granular, sanitary landfill of PVC pipes, and using hydraulic drill in LCA of PVC pipes are the most elements of generating pollution. The usage of PE granules, PE pipes landfilling, hydraulic excavator, and electricity consumption in the LCA of the PE pipes are the greatest polluting parameters.     

高压注浆法在破碎岩层掘进中的应用

在破碎岩层中掘进时,威胁安全生产的问题主要是变形破坏和冒落。为此,介绍了在控制巷道变形破坏和处理冒落时一种行之有效的方法──注浆法。即高压注桨法在破碎岩层掘进中的应用经验。