藻量对湖泊富营养化监测指标的影响探讨

对滇池外海藻量较为集中的区域,用塑料薄膜围一封闭的水体,避免水量交换。在水面下分3层（0.5m、1.0m、1.5m）进行不同采样点和不同水深的水质监测,得出藻类在水中的纵向分布规律。通过进行滤除藻前、后水样的分析,发现藻类的存在会导致水样监测结果偏高。在此基础上对富营养化水体监测应注意的问题进行了分析与讨论。     

藻类对有机污染物生物吸附的研究进展

随着工业的迅猛发展,越来越多的有毒有机污染物被排放到环境中,进而引起一系列环境问题。大量研究表明,生物吸附已经成为去除有毒有机污染物的重要方法,而藻类作为一种理想的生物吸附剂,具有良好的吸附和降解有机污染物的能力。概述了藻类对染料、酚类、多环芳烃三种具有代表性的有毒有机污染物的生物吸附。     

金沙江丰富类和稀有类浮游真核微生物的分布特征与影响因素

浮游真核微生物通常由少数丰富类和大量稀有类组成,二者在维持水生生态系统健康稳定方面具有重要作用.目前对大型筑坝河流中这两类真核微生物的生物地理分布模式所知甚少.以我国西南梯级水电开发河流金沙江为研究区域,对比分析丰富类和稀有类浮游真核微生物在不同河段的分布特征,解析影响两类微生物空间分布的主导因素.结果表明,相比上游自然河段,金沙江浮游真核微生物的α多样性在梯级大坝河段显著升高,稀有类的α多样性增长比高于丰富类.浮游真核丰富类和稀有类微生物的群落组成在不同河段间存在显著差异,其中Vermamoeba属等优势属的相对丰度在两河段间同样存在明显差异.影响丰富类和稀有类浮游真核微生物群落组成的关键地化因子有海拔和pH等,两类微生物群落相似性与地理距离和环境异质性均符合距离衰减关系,其群落构建均受扩散限制和环境筛选共同影响;方差分解分析和偏Mantel检验结果显示扩散限制是影响丰富类和稀有类分布的主要驱动因素.研究结果为我国西南缺资料区水电开发河流中微生物的地理分布模式和生态响应提供数据支持.     

国外新型药剂应用于滇池藻类污染治理的研究

滇池水藻类含量很高,现已属重富营养化水体。本实验选用国外一种新型除藻剂一去藻247来研究治理滇池水藻类污染,通过投加三个不同浓度的除藻剂,检测得出叶绿素α和总磷都有较好的去除效果,Cu^2＋的残留浓度也没有超标,其中当叶绿素的含量为1000mg/L时,除藻剂的最佳投加量为10mg／L。并用线性回归方程对滇池水体中叶绿素α和总磷的相关性进行了拟合。     

Reach‐Scale Geomorphic and Biological Effects of Localized Streambank Armoring

Armoring of streambanks is a common management response to perceived threats to adjacent infrastructure from flooding or erosion. Despite their pervasiveness, effects of reach‐scale bank armoring have received less attention than those of channelization or watershed‐scale hydromodification. In this study, we explored mechanistic ecosystem responses to armoring by comparing conditions upstream, within, and downstream of six stream reaches with bank armoring in Southern California. Assessments were based on four common stream‐channel assessment methods: (1) traditional geomorphic measures, (2) the California Rapid Assessment Method for wetlands, (3) bioassessment with benthic macroinvertebrates, and (4) bioassessment with stream algae. Although physical responses varied among stream types (mountain, transitional, and lowland), armored segments generally had lower slopes, more and deeper pools and fewer riffles, and increased sediment deposition. Several armored segments exhibited channel incision and bank toe failure. All classes of biological indicators showed subtle, mechanistic responses to physical changes. However, extreme heterogeneity among sites, the presence of catchment‐scale disturbances, and low sample size made it difficult to ascribe observed patterns solely to channel armoring. The data suggest that species‐level or functional group‐level metrics may be more sensitive tools than integrative indices of biotic integrity to local‐scale effects.     

固定化小球藻对海水养殖废水氮磷的处理

本研究利用海藻酸钠（SA）作为载体、以氯化钙（CaCl₂）为交联剂,探究小球藻最佳固定化条件及其对海水养殖废水氨氮和磷酸盐的处理效果.通过对比不同浓度SA和CaCl₂对小球藻生长的影响及不同固定化条件的藻球对氨氮、磷酸盐处理效果,确定最佳固定化条件为2.0% SA和2.0% CaCl₂.对比固定化藻球和悬浮小球藻对模拟海水养殖废水氨氮、磷酸盐去除效果,结果表明固定化藻球比悬浮藻液对氮、磷处理效果更好.其中低接种率（1：10）固定化藻球的最大氨氮、磷酸盐去除率分别为63.26%和62.76%.固定化小球藻浓度越高,其净化能力越强,高接种率（1：1）固定化藻球的最大氨氮、磷酸盐去除率分别是85.16%和75.94%.连续流运行下固定化藻球对海水养殖废水氨氮、磷酸盐的平均去除率分别为84.49%和72.17%.小球藻固定化态保留并延长了悬浮态生长活性,提高了对海水养殖废水脱氮除磷效果.     

混合层深度对藻类生长的影响研究

三峡水库蓄水后,支流库湾频繁暴发水华.为研究水华暴发关键因子,以临界层理论为指导,于2012年初冬季,在香溪河野外观测站建立围隔实验系统,研究水体混合对藻类生长的影响机制.围隔水下深度按梯度布设,表底掺混均匀,并注入由浮游动物网过滤的低Chl-a浓度的香溪河河水.结果表明,Zeu/Zmix(真光层深度与混合层深度之比)>1的围隔藻类生长迅速并暴发水华,Chl-a浓度最高达到90 mg·m-3,反之生长缓慢.临界层理论适用于本实验,Zeu/Zmix也存在一个临界值,低于临界值浮游植物生长会受光限制而不易暴发水华;在临界层理论的基础上,分析得藻类净初级生产力与Zmix存在负相关关系,即Zmix越小藻类净初级生产力越大.     

高铁酸钾对水中藻类及其次生嗅味污染物二甲基三硫醚同步去除研究

模拟高藻期碱性水源水,采用高铁酸钾对水中以颤藻和二甲基三硫醚为代表的藻类及微量嗅味污染物进行同步控制研究.在高铁酸钾与聚合氯化铁(PFC)单独混凝对藻类的控制效果对比的基础上,展开了高铁酸钾与高锰酸钾预氧化-PFC联用方法对藻类及嗅味污染物的控制效果对比,探讨了pH、预氧化时间和浊度等条件对控制效果的影响.结果表明,PFC单独混凝除藻率最高为90.6%,以Fe计的等量投加条件下,高铁酸钾控藻效果较PFC混凝好,除藻率可达92.4%.高锰酸钾对PFC具有强化混凝效果,可明显提高除藻率(94.5%).高铁酸钾较高锰酸钾预氧化对二甲基三硫醚的去除效果理想,且氧化时间大大缩短,高铁酸钾氧化时间1 min可去除92.5%二甲基三硫醚,高于高锰酸钾预氧化10 min后达到的去除率(74.6%).     

阳澄湖蓝藻综合监测监控模式研究

以昆山为例,从监测点集成范围的选择、数据采集模式研究、数据传输模式研究、数据集成标准研究、数据应用展示样机等方面,对阳澄湖蓝藻综合监测监控模式进行研究,应用3G、物联网、云推送等新技术;制定《昆山市环境质量自动监测数据集成标准模式》和《昆山市环境质量自动监控通讯传输技术规范》;探索一条湖泊蓝藻综合监测监控的新思路和新模式。     

Prymnesium parvum: The Texas Experience1

Southard, Gregory M., Loraine T. Fries, and Aaron Barkoh, 2010. Prymnesium parvum: The Texas Experience. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2009.00387.x Abstract: Golden alga Prymnesium parvum was first identified in Texas during a fish kill investigation on the Pecos River in 1985. Since then golden alga kills occurred sporadically in a variety of waters in the western part of the state until 2001 when the alga became endemic in the Brazos, Canadian, Colorado, Red, and Rio Grande river systems, including the water supplies of two public fish hatcheries, the Possum Kingdom and Dundee state fish hatcheries. The increasing area adversely affected by the alga and frequent massive fish kills heightened public and political awareness and concerns regarding the ecological and economic impacts of P. parvum blooms. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD), the wildlife conservation agency of the state, responded to these concerns with a program to assess the ecological and economic impacts and to develop management options. To date 33 water bodies have been affected and losses are conservatively estimated at 34 million fish valued at US$13 million. Several sport fisheries, including smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, striped bass Morone saxatilis, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, and blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, have been severely affected. Additionally, 26 imperiled fish species occur in the affected water basins and some have been adversely affected. Economic losses associated with reduced fishing and other water-based recreational activities appear considerable. The combined economic losses to three counties (Palo Pinto, Stephens, and Young) surrounding Possum Kingdom reservoir for 2001 and 2003 were estimated at US$2.8 million and US$1.1 million, respectively. This paper describes how the TPWD responded to public and political concerns relative to the emergence of golden alga, its harmful effects to fisheries, and its historic and current statewide distribution.