烷基苯联合装置风险及控制研究

烷基苯联合装置含有国家安全监管总局首批重点监管的15种危险化工工艺中的加氢工艺、烷基化工艺两种,装置工艺介质为易燃、易爆、有毒及强腐蚀性物质,生产中潜在危险性较大;开展工艺风险研究,落实控制措施,对于提高装置本质安全性具有极为重要意义.首先探讨了工艺危险和要害部位,确认装置主要风险为火灾、爆炸和毒性危害;然后应用HAZOP方法,以加氢反应进料加热炉、烷基化反应器为分析对象,研究了工艺状态参数温度、压力、物料流量等方面出现偏差的原因、后果及安全措施;还对氢气泄漏发生火灾、爆炸和苯泄漏发生火灾、爆炸、人员中毒进行了事故后果定量分析,提出了相应的安全措施,以消除或降低工艺危险,保障装置安全.     

南京近郊主要森林类型对土壤重金属的吸收与累积规律

研究了南京近郊针、阔叶树种杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)对重金属元素铬、铜、镍、铅、锌的吸收和累积规律.研究结果表明,5种重金属元素在2种林分的枯落物层含量均高于灌草层和乔木层各部位,但由于乔木层生物量较大,重金属元索在2种森林生态系统中主要储存在乔...     

普光气田环境空气植物监测体系的初步构想

在简要回顾国内外有关植物监测大气污染研究的基础上,针对普光气田主要大气污染因子与环境监测现状,从监测植物筛选、监测点位选取、监测体系标准化、"植物-大气-土壤"综合评价系统以及应急监测机制等五个方面,讨论了构建该地区环境空气植物监测体系的基本想法和建议,并进行了展望,供项目建设决策参考。     

植物激素对平菇茵丝生长及酶活性的影响

采用固体平板和液体摇瓶培养方法,研究了赤霉素、2,4-D、吲哚乙酸和萘乙酸4种激素对平菇- 126菌丝生长及酶活性的影响.结果表明,吲哚乙酸虽然能提高发酵液胞外蛋白的含量和过氧化物酶活性,但对菌丝的生长起抑制作用,这与吲哚乙酸能引起平菇菌丝裂解和细胞膜渗漏有关;萘乙酸、低浓度2,4-D能促进菌丝的伸长;萘乙酸、赤霉素在低浓度下也能促进菌丝的分枝,对菌丝的生长整体上起促进作用.除吲哚乙酸外,其他3种激素对平菇菌丝生长影响都有两重性:低浓度下能促进菌丝的生长,浓度过高则会对菌丝生长产生毒害作用.     

太湖流域污水处理厂升级改造的措施与思考

太湖蓝藻事件的爆发促使了太湖流域污水处理厂大范围的升级改造,升级改造的主要措施有强化生物处理、深度处理等,具体工程措施需要结合水质处理要求、现有处理工艺、经济发展水平等进行比选。升级改造的出水水质需要结合纳污水体的污染现状和环境容量进行合理确定。升级改造过程中需要重视进水水质水量的设计与监控,加强工程投资和运行费用的控制。     

Evaluating weather effects on interannual variation in net ecosystem productivity of a coastal temperate forest landscape: A model intercomparison

Forest productivity is strongly affected by seasonal weather patterns and by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. However weather effects on forest productivity are not currently represented in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3 used in national forest C accounting programs. To evaluate different approaches to modelling these effects, a model intercomparison was conducted among CBM-CFS3 and four process models (ecosys, CN-CLASS, Can-IBIS and 3PG) over a 2500 ha landscape in the Oyster River (OR) area of British Columbia, Canada. The process models used local weather data to simulate net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and net biome productivity (NBP) from 1920 to 2005. Other inputs used by the process and inventory models were generated from soil, land cover and disturbance records. During a period of intense disturbance from 1928 to 1943, simulated NBP diverged considerably among the models. This divergence was attributed to differences among models in the sizes of detrital and humus C stocks in different soil layers to which a uniform set of soil C transformation coefficients was applied during disturbances. After the disturbance period, divergence in modelled NBP among models was much smaller, and attributed mainly to differences in simulated NPP caused by different approaches to modelling weather effects on productivity. In spite of these differences, age-detrended variation in annual NPP and NEP of closed canopy forest stands was negatively correlated with mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September (T_amax) in all process models (R² = 0.4-0.6), indicating that these correlations were robust. The negative correlation between T_amax and NEP was attributed to different processes in different models, which were tested by comparing CO₂ fluxes from these models with those measured by eddy covariance (EC) under contrasting air temperatures (T_a). The general agreement in sensitivity of annual NPP to T_amax among the process models led to the development of a generalized algorithm for weather effects on NPP of coastal temperate coniferous forests for use in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3: NPP′ = NPP − 57.1 (T_amax − 18.6), where NPP and NPP′ are the current and temperature-adjusted annual NPP estimates from the inventory-based model, 18.6 is the long-term mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September, and T_amax is the mean value for the current year. Our analysis indicated that the sensitivity of NPP to T_amax was nonlinear, so that this algorithm should not be extrapolated beyond the conditions of this study. However the process-based methodology to estimate weather effects on NPP and NEP developed in this study is widely applicable to other forest types and may be adopted for other inventory based forest carbon cycle models.     

有害植物鸡屎藤的研究趋势分析

近年来,鸡屎藤不仅在引种地发生危害,而且在原产地也发生生物灾害,引起了专家学者的重视。在对鸡屎藤区系分类及地理空间分布、形态及生理特征、化学成分和营养成分、生态危害调查与评估、管理与危害控制等现状综合分析基础上,提出了该植物未来的研究趋势：（1）鸡屎藤形态和生理生态特征研究;（2）开展生态危害调查评估与预警研究;（3）鸡屎藤灾变机制研究;（4）开展危害控制研究。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定污水处理厂水样中的雌激素

采用HLB固相萃取、超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下建立污水处理厂进、出水口水样中7种雌激素(戊酸雌二醇、炔雌醇、雌三醇、雌二醇、己烷雌酚、雌酮和己烯雌酚)的快速筛查测定方法,优化了固相萃取条件(萃取柱、洗脱液、pH值以及淋洗液)和UPLC-MS/MS分析条件(流动相及梯度、毛细管电压、锥孔电压、射频透镜电压、碰撞能量、离子源温度、脱溶剂气流量和锥孔气流量)。当7种雌激素质量浓度在1～100μg.L-1线性范围内时,所得回归方程的决定系数r2均大于0.997 2,方法检测限为4.40～10.27 ng.L-1,在20～100 ng.L-1雌激素添加水平范围内,进、出水口水样中目标物平均回收率分别为70.3%～95.1%和72.6%～96.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于10.4%和9.5%。将该方法应用于南京地区4个综合污水处理厂进、出水口水样中雌激素的测定,4个污水处理厂进水中均含有高达几十、甚至上百ng.L-1的戊酸雌二醇、雌三醇和雌酮,出水中也含有几到几十ng.L-1的某几种雌激素。     

燃油和燃煤电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的物理化学特性

分别对燃烧重油与烟煤两个电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的显微结构、颗粒类型及重金属在可吸入颗粒物中分布特征进行研究.研究表明,燃煤电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的形态都以球形颗粒为主,而燃油电厂排放可吸入颗粒物由一些絮状物和类似于燃煤飞灰中球形颗粒组成.根据可吸入颗粒物的化学组成,发现燃油电厂排放可吸入颗粒物的颗粒类型有硅铝质和钙-硅铝质...     

Emotional reactions in women in late pregnancy (24 weeks or longer) following the ultrasound diagnosis of a severe or lethal fetal malformation

We studied the emotional reactions of 41 women in late pregnancy shortly after they had been informed of the diagnosis of ‘severe or lethal fetal malformations’ and 3 months after delivery. In addition, situational variables were explored as determinants of grieving. While grief did not diminish during the study period, psychological instability was less pronounced at 3 months after delivery. More grief reactions were evoked by self-reported easily versus self-reported not easily initiated pregnancy, gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks versus beyond 34 weeks, multiparity versus primiparity, and viewing versus not viewing the baby.