区域水污染源在线监测监控系统的建立及其运维保障

建立区域水污染源在线监测监控系统在实施区域水污染源总量控制中具有重要作用,区域监控中心与各污染源在线监测站点组成了系统的基本构架,对系统进行有效维护,建立良好的运维保障体系,是建设区域水污染源在线监测监控系统并保障其正常运行的基本保证。     

道路隧道空气污染物治理技术的研究进展

综述了国内外道路隧道空气污染物治理技术的现状及研究进展,包括静电除尘净化技术的应用、二氧化氮净化技术的应用,静电除尘、一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物综合治理技术方案的提出。同时,对各种净化方法的工艺、特点和原理进行了论述,并对道路隧道空气污染物净化技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

Responses of wheat seedlings to cadmium, mercury and trichlorobenzene stresses

The molecular response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.,cv.Yangmai 10) seedlings to heavy metal (Cd,Hg) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) stresses were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,image analysis,and peptide mass fingerprinting.The results showed inhibitions of root and shoot growth by Cd,Hg and TCB.These stresses led to water deficit and lipid phosphorylation in the seedling which also promoted protein phophorylation in the leaves.Hg stress inhibited protein synthesis while Cd and TCB stresses induced or up-regulated more proteins in the leaves.Most of these induced proteins played important roles in the biochemical reactions involved in tolerance of wheat to Cd and TCB stresses.The primary functions of Cd- and TCB-induced proteins included methionine metabolism,Rubisco modification,protein phosphorylation regulation,protein configuration protection,H+ transmembrane transportation and also the synthesis of ethylene defense substances and cell wall compounds.     

Understanding nutrient build-up on urban road surfaces

This article discusses the outcomes of a research project on nutrients build-up on urban road surfaces.Nutrient build-up was investigated on road sites belonging to residential,industrial and commercial land use.Collected build-up samples were separated into five particle size ranges and were tested for total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus (TP) and sub species of nutrients,namely,NO 2- ,NO 3- ,TKN and PO 43-.Multivariate analytical techniques were used to analyse the data and to develop detailed understanding on build- up.Data analysis revealed that the solids loads on urban road surfaces are highly influenced by factors such as land use,antecedent dry period and traffic volume.However,the nutrient build-up process was found to be independent of the type of land use.It was solely dependent on the particle size of solids build-up.Most of the nutrients were associated with the particle size range 150 μm.Therefore,the removal of particles below 150 μm from road surfaces is of importance for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from road surface solids build-up.It is also important to consider the difference in the composition of nitrogen and phosphorus build-up in the context of designing effective stormwater quality mitigation strategies.     

人工湿地对有机污染物降解作用的研究

通过实验,研究了人工湿地对水中以BOD5和COD有机污染物含量的表征有机污染物的降解作用。结果表明,人工湿地对水中有机污染物有明显的净化作用;细菌总数与有机物的降解没有明显的相关关系,植物根系的吸收是有机物降解的主要来源;人工湿地总体处于厌氧状态,在植物根系未到达处生活的细菌均属兼性厌氧菌。     

美国污染物排放标准对制定我国锡工业污染物排放标准的启示

在分析美国污染物排放标准体系和排放标准法制化管理的基础上,提出我国锡工业污染物排放标准制定中应注意的事项。并指出我国污染物排放标准不适合用标准化管理,应借鉴美国的经验,走法制化管理的道路,通过健全的法律机制,保障锡工业污染物排放标准的制定和实施。     

异龙湖湖周鱼塘排水污染物排放总量研究

在进行现场调查的基础上,对异龙湖湖周的鱼塘排水水量进行估算,并在鱼塘排水前采集鱼塘水样进行监测分析,确定异龙湖湖周鱼塘的主要污染物浓度,计算异龙湖湖周鱼塘排水污染物排放总量。     

近地表土壤水分条件对坡面农业非点源污染物运移的影响

采用人工模拟降雨实验,研究了近地表土壤水分条件,尤其是土壤水分饱和条件对土壤侵蚀过程中农业非点源污染物运移的影响.结果表明,前期近地表土壤水分条件对土壤侵蚀过程中农业非点源污染物的迁移有着很大影响.饱和含水量时径流及泥沙中非点源污染物的流失浓度和流失量大于非饱和含水量,且前期近地表土壤含水量越大,径流及泥沙中农业非点源污染物的流失浓度和流失量越大.土壤氮素的主要流失途径是降雨所产生的径流,约占总流失量的90.4%～99.8%;土壤磷素的流失途径是降雨径流和侵蚀产沙,分别占总流失量的2.67%～23.5%和76.5%～97.3%.同时,土壤质地对磷素养分的流失有很大影响,杨凌土随泥沙流失的DP浓度和流失量均大于安塞黄绵土.最后,提出了采取最佳管理措施等控制农业非点源污染的针对性建议.     

Size distribution and di use pollution impacts of PAHs in street dust in urban streams in the Yangtze River Delta

Particles of dust washed o streets by stormwater are an important pathway of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into urban streams. This article presented a comprehensive assessment of the size distribution of PAHs in street dust particles, the potential risks of the particles in urban streams, and the sources and sinks of PAHs in the stream network. This assessment was based on measurements of 16 PAHs from the USEPA priority list in street dust particles and river sediments in Xincheng, China. The content of total PAHs ranged from 1629 to 8986 g/kg in street dust particles, where smaller particles have a higher concentrations. Approximately 55% of the total PAHs were associated with particles less than 250 m which accounted for 40% of the total mass of street dust. The PAH quantities increased from 2.41 to 46.86 g/m2 in the sequence of new residential, rising through main roads, old town residential, commercial and industrial areas. The sediments in stream reaches in town were found to be sinks for street dust particle PAHs. The research findings suggested that particle size, land use and the hydrological conditions in the stream network were the factors which most influenced the total loads of PAH in the receiving water bodies.     

大气污染总量控制GA方法中的多源模拟系统

大气污染总量控制的GA方法,是利用遗传算法(GA)的自适应全局搜索寻优功能,通过模拟的自然进化机制来求算经过全局优化的区域允许排放总量以及区域允许排放总量在区域内各污染源之间的分配方案的一种新的大气污染总量控制方法。在基于遗传算法的大气污染总量控制中,需要运用一个高效而可靠的大气污染多源模拟系统,以便根据源强分布快速计算出准确的浓度场。文章介绍了该大气污染多源模拟系统的设计与实现技术。