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561.
结合斜流沉淀结构的特点,分析了流道内液芬布对颗粒沉淀过程的影响;污水中颗粒粒径分布对去除率的影响,从而理论上推导上流式斜流沉去除率的计算公式 相似文献
562.
大气污染物浓度的投影寻踪自回归预测 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
环境污染预测是环境科学研究的重要课题之一。线性回归预测,时序预测和灰色GM预测是常用的大气污染预测方法,但始终未有摆脱“假定-模拟-预报”的模式束缚,难以适应非正态,非线性分布的客观内在规律,投影寻踪高新技术,对数据结构或特征不作任何假定,而是通过直接审视和分析数据,应用计算机软件程序设计,为时序分析开辟了一条“审视数据-模拟-预报”的数据分析新途径,该文采用投影寻踪自回归新技术,建立了大气污染物 相似文献
563.
污染物排放标准是环保法规的重要组成部分,是环境管理和执法的技术基础。但是现行的污染物排放标准存在一些不足而影响了为环境管理和污染防治服务。从环境管理实践的角度对此进行了探讨,并提出了完善排放标准,服务环境监管的建议。 相似文献
564.
感潮河段水环境容量计算方法探讨 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对感潮河段水环境容量的污染物允许排放量的概念进行了分析,提出了基于动态的水质模型并利用计算机仿真和线性规划来进行感潮河段水环境容量计算的基本方法,该文着重介绍计算感潮河段水环境容量的技术方法,通过简化的计算实例对具体过程进行了说明,其原理成立,方法可行。 相似文献
565.
半渗透膜采样技术在有机污染物分析中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SPMD对亲脂性有机污染物具有富集倍数高(105),样品前处理简单,易于保存、携带,重现性好等特点。有可能成为一种新的相对标准监测方法。可用于研究有机污染物在空气、生物、污水处理、海水、沉积物河水、迁移规律以及水动力学模型的工具,进而可直接研究有机污染物有关的生态毒理实验。 相似文献
566.
567.
用气流输送轨迹分析上海,重庆,贵阳的酸雨特点及其比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用降雨时的气流输送轨迹,分析了上海、重庆和贵阳三地的酸雨特点和成因。研究表明,重庆和贵阳的酸雨,主要是受局地污染源的影响,远距离外来污染影响不大;但贵阳在静止锋天气时的酸雨,可能也受远处输送来的外来污染的影响。上海地区的酸雨,除受局地污染源的影响外,还受远处外来污染的影响。 相似文献
568.
Olson PE Flechter JS Philp PR 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2001,8(4):243-249
The natural attenuation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the vadose zone of a naturally revegetated former industrial sludge basin (0.45 ha) was examined. This was accomplished by comparing the concentration of 16 PAH contaminants present in sludge collected below the root zone of plants with contaminants present at 3 shallower depths within the root zone. Chemical analysis of 240 samples from 60 cores showed the average concentration of total and individual PAHs in the 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, and bottom of the root zone strata were approximately 10, 20, and 50%, respectively, of the 16, 800 ppm average total PAH concentration in deep non-rooted sludge. Statistically significant differences in average PAH concentrations were observed between each strata studied and the non-rooted sludge except for the concentrations of acenaphthene and chrysene present at the bottom of the root zone in comparison to sludge values. The rooting depth of the vegetation growing in the basin was dependent on both vegetation type and plant age. Average rooting depths for trees, forbs (herbaceous non-grasses), and grasses were 90, 60, and 50 cm, respectively. The deepest root systems observed (100-120 cm) were associated with the oldest (12-14 year-old) mulberry trees. Examination of root systems and PAH concentrations at numerous locations and depths within the basin indicated that plant roots and their microbially active rhizospheres fostered PAH disappearance; including water insoluble, low volatility compounds, i.e. benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene. The reduced concentration of PAHs in the upper strata of this revegetated former sludge basin indicated that natural attenuation had occurred. This observation supports the concept that through appropriate planting and management practices (phytoremediation) it will be possible to accelerate, maximize, and sustain natural processes, whereby even the most recalcitrant PAH contaminants (i.e. benzo(a)pyrene) can be remediated over time. 相似文献
569.
The toxicity of copper,cadmium and zinc to four different Hydra (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An acute toxicity study of three metals to Hydra species carried out using two different assessment methods, (i) determination of the LC50 and (ii) measurement of progressive morphological changes, demonstrated that relative toxicity decreased from copper to cadmium with zinc the least toxic for all species. The latter method revealed more details of the effect on Hydra in terms of physical damage to the polyp but both methods indicated that H. viridissima was more sensitive to copper and cadmium than H. vulgaris1 (Zurich strain, male clone), H. vulgaris2 (a dioecious strain reproducing sexually and asexually) and H. oligactis (dioecious, reproducing sexually and asexually). The responses to zinc were similar for all Hydra. The possible role of metabolic interactions between H. viridissima and its symbiotic green algae in contributing to the greater sensitivity of this polyp is discussed. 相似文献
570.
August Kaiser Helfried Scheifinger Wolfgang Spangl Andrea Weiss Stefan Gilge Wolfgang Fricke Ludwig Ries Danijel Cemas Brigita Jesenovec 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(40):9273-9287
The Alpine stations Zugspitze, Hohenpeissenberg, Sonnblick, Jungfraujoch and Mt. Krvavec contribute to the Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The aim of GAW is the surveillance of the large-scale chemical composition of the atmosphere. Thus, the detection of air pollutant transport from regional sources is of particular interest. In this paper, the origin of NOx (measured with a photo-converter), CO and O3 at the four Alpine GAW stations is studied by trajectory residence time statistics. Although these methods originated during the early 1980s, no comprehensive study of different atmospheric trace gases measured simultaneously at several background observatories in the Alps was conducted up to present.The main NOx source regions detected by the trajectory statistics are the northwest of Europe and the region covering East Germany, Czech Republic and southeast Poland, whereas the main CO source areas are the central, north eastern and eastern parts of Europe with some gradient from low to high latitudes. Subsiding air masses from west and southwest are relatively poor in NOx and CO.The statistics for ozone show strong seasonal effects. Near ground air masses are poor in ozone in winter but rich in ozone in summer. The main source for high ozone concentration in winter is air masses that subside from higher elevations, often enhanced by foehn effects at Hohenpeissenberg. During summer, the Mediterranean constitutes an important additional source for high ozone concentrations.Especially during winter, large differences between Hohenpeissenberg and the higher elevated stations are found. Hohenpeissenberg is frequently within the inversion, whereas the higher elevated stations are above the inversion.Jungfraujoch is the only station where the statistics detect an influence of air rich in CO and NOx from the Po Basin. 相似文献