城市下水污泥焚烧过程中二次污染物排放特性的试验研究

在0．15MWt循环流化床燃烧试验台上进行了城市下水污泥与煤的混烧试验，分析了烟气中的二次污染物排放特性。分析结果表明，利用循环流化床焚烧城市下水污泥时，添加辅助燃料（如煤）及改变焚烧条件，不仅可以达到稳定燃烧的目的，而且有利于抑制焚烧中二次污染物（如CO及二恶英等有机污染物）的生成。分析了焚烧污泥污染物的排放特性。为采用焚烧方式处理城市下水污泥提供了基础性试验数据。     

污水土地处理系统的应用分析

污水土地处理与人民生活息息相关，这就使得污水土地处理作为一项环境治理的实用技术越来越多地引起人们的重视。本文阐述了该处理技术的优缺点，论述了其消除污染物危害的机理，特别讨论了污水土地处埋系统设计中需要考虑的因素。     

The Modelling of Turbulence from Traffic in Urban Dispersion Models — Part I: Theoretical Considerations

The modelling of pollutant dispersion at the street scale in an urban environment requires the knowledge of turbulence generated by the traffic motion in streets. In this paper, a theoretical framework to estimate mechanical turbulence induced by traffic in street canyons at low wind speed conditions is established. The standard deviation of the velocity fluctuations is adopted as a measure of traffic-produced turbulence (TPT). Based on the balance between turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation, three different parameterisations for TPT suitable for different traffic flow conditions are derived and discussed. These formulae rely on the calculations of constants that need to be estimated on the basis of experimental data. One such estimate has been made with the help of a wind tunnel data set corresponding to intermediate traffic densities, which is the most common regime, with interacting vehicle wakes.     

Effects of Contaminant Decay on the Diffusion Centre of a River

Many contaminants exhibit decay (radioactive decay, consumed by bacteria, heat loss or evaporation through the surface, dissolution by turbulence). For a non-symmetric river with non-reversing flow, the effects of decay are allowed for in specifying the diffusion centre, i.e. the optimal position for a steady discharge. Three families of exact solutions are presented that illustrate the effect on the diffusion centre of cross-channel variation in the decay (uniform, decreasing or increasing with depth). The diffusion centre is shifted to deeper or to shallower water accordingly as the temporal decay divided by flow speed decreases or increases with water depth.     

电絮凝技术在废水处理中的应用

目前,国内外许多学者在电絮凝去除有机污染物、重金属以及氟方面做了大量研究,试验表明,在水处理中,电絮凝技术有着良好的发展空间。     

电化学技术在环境污染治理中的应用

概述了电化学在环境保护中的优越性,综述了电化学处理环境污染物的基本方法,总结了电化学技术在环境污染治理中的应用,分析了电化学体系存在的问题,展望了电化学在环境治理领域的应用前景和发展方向。     

浅谈工业废水中难降解有机污染物处理技术及发展方向

随着生产规模的不断扩大及工业技术的飞速发展,各种高浓度有机废水的污染源日益增多。针对目前工业废水中高浓度有机污染物的污染现状,对工业废水的来源、种类进行了分类,同时对不同性质的难降解有机污染物的处理技术和发展方向做出了论述。     

基于发动机活动的集装箱港作机械排放清单研究

随着我国集装箱港口吞吐量持续增长,港区大气污染物排放亦日益增加,港作机械等非道路移动源排放更逐渐成为公众关注的焦点。借鉴OFFROAD模型的基本方法,通过调查分析集装箱港区作业机械的保有量、活动水平和设备参数等,修正排放因子,采用"自下而上"基于集装箱港作机械发动机活动水平的动力法建立集装箱港作机械大气污染物排放清单。并以南京港龙潭集装箱港区(NPLC)为案例,构建排放清单。结果表明:2014年NPLC港作机械排放总量为PM_(10) 4.25 t、PM_(2.5) 3.91 t、NO_x 82.98 t、SO_x 1.06 t、CO 23.84 t和HC16.39 t;集装箱拖车为最大排放贡献源,NO_x为高值排放污染物;与港区其他排放源相比,港作机械为颗粒物质(PM)与碳氢化合物(HC)的最大排放源。相较NPLC 2013年基于燃油消耗的研究,基于活动的排放量较低。     

Superior trichloroethylene removal from water by sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron/graphene aerogel composite

Sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) is a promising material for removal of organic pollutants from water, but S-nZVI nanoparticles (NPs) easily agglomerate and have poor contact with organic contaminants. Herein, we propose a new S-nZVI/graphene aerogel (S-nZVI/GA) composite which exhibits superior removal capability for trichloroethylene (TCE) from water. Three-dimensional porous graphene aerogel (GA) can improve the efficiency of electron transport, enhance the adsorption of organic pollutants and restrain the agglomeration of the core-shell S-nZVI NPs. The TCE removal rates of FeS, nZVI, GA and S-nZVI were 27.8%, 42%, 63% and 75% in 2?hr, respectively. Furthermore, TCE was completely removed within 50?min by S-nZVI/GA. The TCE removal rate increased with increasing pH and temperature, and TCE removal followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The results demonstrate the great potential of S-nZVI/GA composite as a low-cost, easily separated and superior monolithic adsorbent for removal of organic pollutants.     

三峡水库蓄水运行初期(2003—2012年)水环境演变特征的“四大效应”

自2003年三峡水库首次蓄水至2012年工程竣工验收启动,针对三峡水库蓄水运行初期的水环境演变研究较多,但整体性、综合性科学认识仍然缺乏.基于水环境多要素跟踪观测研究,综合采用现场观测、室内试验、数理统计、模型模拟、同位素及保守离子示踪等技术手段,系统剖析了特大型、高变幅水位水库运行背景下水动力变异及其所伴生的水环境演变特征,从水动力、水质、水生态、污染物输移角度,提出了三峡水库水环境演变过程中的“四大效应”,主要包括干支流水动力特性的“分化”效应、上游-干流-支流水质演变“同步”效应、水动力变化对藻类水华暴发的“胁迫”效应、水动力变化对同等负荷条件下污染源危害的“迭加”效应等.考虑到大型水库生态系统的演替和稳定是一个长期过程,建议继续强化长江上游梯级水电开发影响下的三峡水库水环境演变跟踪调查研究,适时开展三峡工程对库区水环境影响的后评估.