高精度船舶排放清单在城市空气质量管理中的应用

上海港船舶大气污染物排放对城市空气质量的影响不容小觑。基于船舶AIS数据,高精度船舶大气污染物排放清单得以建立并应用。2018年11月5—10日召开的第一届中国国际进口博览会期间,在气象条件不利的情况下,通过提前实施船舶排放控制区政策等措施,使船舶单日SO_x排放量下降28.5%,一次PM_2.5排放量下降25.5%,全市空气质量达到了保障要求。     

上海市中心城区臭氧污染水平和变化状况

利用上海市虹口监测点2002年O3的连续自动监测数据，分析了该点代表的区域范围内O3的污染水平、变化情况，以及O3与NO、NOx和CO的关系。指出该点O3的污染水平是冬季最低，秋季最高，5月至10月的质量浓度明显高于11月至4月，低质量浓度时段在早晨，高质量浓度时段在中午至午后；O3质量浓度的变化范围和上升速率是5月至10月比11月至4月大；O3的产生主要取决于NOx中NO转换成NO2的程度，而CO也同NO一样，当O3质量浓度在中午至午后较高时，CO质量浓度也不高。     

Isolation and identification of 3-bromocarbazole-degrading bacteria

In this study, a bacterial strain, CH-1, capable of degrading 3-bromocarbazole (3-BCZ) was isolated from a polluted soil. Based on its physio-biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA genes, strain CH-1 was identified as a Stenotrophomonas sp. Strain CH-1 was able to degrade 70% of 50 mg/L 3-BCZ within 8 d at pH 7.0 and 30°C in mineral salt medium (MSM). During the process, the main intermediate metabolite was identified as (2E, 4Z)-6-(2-amino-5-bromophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxhexa-2, 4-dienoic by gas (2E, 4Z)-6-(2-amino-5-bromophenyl)-2-hydroxy-6-oxhexa-2,4-dienoic via gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The metabolite disappeared after 14 d, suggesting that the metabolite can also be degraded by strain CH-1. 3-BCZ is a new persistent organic pollutant. This is the first report of the biodegradation of 3-BCZ. The results indicated that strain CH-1 may be a promising bacterial candidate for the bioremediation of environments polluted with polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCs).     

日用化学产品制造业产排污量核算系数手册的修订

通过分析日用化学产品制造业5个小类行业污染物产排情况,采集样本企业污染物指标数据模拟计算得出相应污染物指标的产排污量核算系数.系数涵盖了12个主要污染物指标,并按照16种产品类别组合编制系数手册,为第二次全国污染源普查统计提供参考.该核算系数手册是对第一次全国污染源普查中系数手册的修订与增补,以期更为系统、科学地量化日...     

Effects of warm water inflows on the dispersion of pollutants in small reservoirs

The effects of the warm water discharged by a nuclear power plant (NPP) into a small reservoir are studied. A case study is presented (José Cabrera NPP-Zorita Hidráulica Reservoir) with experimental data of the reservoir stratification and predicted data of the dispersion of radioactive pollutants from operative or accidental releases. The vertical and longitudinal temperature profiles, electrical conductivity and transparency of the reservoir water were measured for an annual cycle. The results indicate that the continuous warm water discharge from the NPP causes permanent and artificial reservoir stratification. The stratification is significant within 1500 m upstream and 1000 m downstream from the warm water outfall. The pollutant dispersion has been predicted by using a flow model based on N(T) perfect-mixing compartments in series with feedback. The model parameter, N(T), is calculated from the longitudinal diffusion coefficient. The prediction of pollutant dispersion by means of this model shows that the stratification slows down the vertical mixing in the whole water body, and reduces the reservoir volume that is effective for the dilution and dispersion of pollutants. This means that, in the case of a radioactive pollutant release, the reservoir radioactivity level could increase significantly.     

长江河口区域有机污染物的特征分析

对2002-2003年采集于长江河口区域的水样进行了检测分析.共鉴定出有机污染物9类234种,包括VOCs23种、SVOCs211种;其中属美国列出的129种优先控制污染物的有49种,属我国列出的58种优先控制污染物的有24种,属GB3838-2002控制的有19种.VOCs主要包括卤代烃类和单环芳香族类,其质量浓度平均值分别为0.42和0.17μg/L.SVOCs主要包括多环芳烃类、酯类、单环芳香族类、卤代烃类、酚类和醚类,其质量浓度平均值分别为0 50,1.13,0.41,0.06,0.07和0.16 μg/L;其中多环芳烃类、酯类和单环芳香族类的污染程度相对较高,分别超标1.78,0.16～0.37和0.002～0.44倍.      

流域重点工业污染源识别特征成分谱建立技术

研究了基于生产排放全过程、多相、多类污染物并举的污染源识别特征成分谱建立技术。首先建立污染源排放完整图谱,包括原辅料、中间物质、产品、各工艺废水污染物、水处理设施进口和出口污染物等。然后从排放完整图谱中解析出特征污染物。对于废水中的常规污染物和金属污染物,采用与受纳水体浓度相比较的方式得到污染源识别特征污染物,建议将浓度超过受纳水体1倍的污染物定为特征污染物。对于有机污染物,将质量分数之和大于90%的污染物集定为特征有机污染物,并按照有机物类别进行分类。最后开发建立动态的水污染源排放数据库。应用该技术建立了石化行业典型企业的排放特征成分谱,发现这些特征组分具有很好的代表性,为水污染源的识别提供了基础数据。     

POPs监测技术在环境样品中应用

利用超声提取、固相萃取(SPE)净化和GC-MS技术对某市四个区的的果蔬基地7个土壤样品进行了土壤中持久性有机氯污染物分析.结果显示,土壤样品中主要有机污染物为γ-HCH、异狄氏剂和α-HCH,其中γ-HCH的检出率为100%,不同样品中γ-HCH和异狄氏剂差异明显,异狄氏剂和α-HCH检出率分别为86%和71.4%.     

Dispersion in Urban Environments; Comparison of Field Measurements with Wind Tunnel Results

A wind tunnel study was performed to determine the dispersion characteristics of vehicle exhaust gases within the urban canopy layer. The results were compared with those from a field monitoring station located in a street canyon with heavy traffic load. The agreement found was fair. In the second part of the paper it is shown how wind tunnel data can be utilized to supplement and thereby enhance the value of field data for model validation purposes. Uncertainty ranges were quantified which are inherent to mean concentration values measured in urban streets.     

中国沿海三省主要饮用水源有机物监测

采用固相萃取、吹扫捕集和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对江苏、浙江、山东省的21个主要地表饮用水源、126份水样中的25种VOCs、38种SVOCs进行定量检测。结果有19种VOCs、10种SVOCs至少在一个水源地多次被检出,其中挥发性氯代烃、苯系物、氯代苯类、酚类、硝基苯类、酞酸酯类、农药为中国或美国环境保护局提出的"水中优先控制污染物",最高检出量为27.79μg/L。三省主要地表水受到有机物轻度污染,水体中VOCs、SVOCs含量尚未超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)和《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)限值,工业废水排放及农田雨水径流是地表水有机物的重要来源。