火力发电行业主要气态污染物排放量计算方法研究

针对目前我国火力发电行业气态污染物排放量计算方法使用混乱的情况,根据欧盟《空气污染物排放清单指南》和美国《空气污染物排放因子汇编》,介绍了火电行业主要气态污染物排放量的实际测量及理论计算方法。提出我国火电行业应根据实际情况,选择实际测量、排放因子或经验公式等方法计算污染物排放量;使用排放因子方法计算SO2排放量时,应开展S元素转化率的研究;火电厂应增加燃料中N元素的分析,以利于NOx排放量的准确估算。     

水污染源源解析研究最新进展

采取有效措施监测监管污染物排放是实现污染减排目标的必要条件,而准确掌握流域内污染物的来源是实现污染源有效监管的技术依据,文章对水污染源源解析目标化合物选取、污染物扩散模型研究和污染区域受体模型研究的最新进展进行了评述,对其发展趋势进行了展望.     

徐州市生活垃圾填埋场地下水典型金属污染物研究

在对徐州地区生活垃圾填埋场调查分析的基础上,根据填埋特征和地质状况选取4座典型填埋场为调查对象,采用ICP-MS对垃圾渗滤液及地下水中26种重金属进行监测分析。结果表明,在4个垃圾填埋场地下水及渗滤液中ρ(Sr)均相对较高(700μg/L);地下水中金属元素均正在以Ca,Mg为主向Na,Mg为主转化;地下水中Al,B质量浓度大小顺序为Y场(雁群)S场(睢宁)C场(翠屏山)P场(邳州);4个垃圾填埋场共同典型重金属污染物为Mn,Fe,Zn,Ba;除上述污染物外,Y场地下水潜在典型重金属污染物为Pb和Mo;S场为Mo和As;C场为Tl和Co;P场为As。     

Physical Modeling of Emissions from Naturally Ventilated Underground Parking Garages

The dispersion of pollutants from naturally ventilated underground parking garages has been studied in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Two idealized model setups have been analysed, one was simulating pollutant dispersion around an isolated rectangular building and one was representing dispersion in a finite array of idealized building blocks. Flow and dispersion close to modelled ground level emission sources was measured. The results illustrate the complexity of the flow around buildings and provide insight in pollutant transport from ground level sources located directly on building surfaces. As a result, areas critical with respect to high pollutant concentrations could be visualized. Particularly, the results show high concentration gradients on the surface of the buildings equipped with modelled emission sources. Inside the boundary layers on the building walls, a significant amount of pollutants is transported to upwind locations on the surface of the building. The paper documents the potential of physical modelling to be used for the simulation and measurement of dispersion close to emission sources and within complex building arrangements.     

河流沉积物中有机污染物的分析研究进展

总结了近年来河流沉积物中有机污染物的研究进展 ,集中评述了国内有关沉积物中多环芳烃、有机氯农药和多氯联苯的分析研究现状 ,包括样品采集、样品前处理和样品分析 ,并对今后河流、湖泊及水库沉积物中污染物的分析工作作了展望     

清河流域水质目标管理技术应用示范

针对清河流域三级水生态功能分区功能定位和水质保护目标,按照"分类、分区、分级、分期"理念,应用流域水质目标管理技术方法,研究清河流域控制单元污染负荷核定、水环境容量计算与分配、污染负荷削减、污染物总量控制等关键技术应用示范,完善流域水质目标管理技术,为清河流域水环境管理提供科技支撑。     

街道峡谷内车辆流动对反应性污染物传播特性影响的模拟研究

采用CFD（计算流体力学）数值模拟的研究方法,使用动网格技术,分析简单光化学反应下车辆流动及不同来流风速对双车道三维街道峡谷内污染物传播特性的影响.结果表明,车辆移动改变了峡谷内气流结构,以及背风侧与迎风侧活性污染物浓度分布的相对大小,有利于污染物在峡谷中的传播扩散;来流风使机动车尾气向建筑背风侧汇聚,并随着风速增加而加强,对近迎风侧车道车辆尾气淹没射流的影响比近背风侧车道大.在车辆移动与来流风的综合作用下,污染物的扩散能力得到显著增强.     

Impacts of Upstream Building Width and Upwind Building Arrangements on Airflow and Pollutant Dispersion in a Street Canyon

A two-dimensional numerical model for evaluating the wind flow and pollutant dispersion within a street canyon was first developed using the FLUENT code, which was then validated against a wind tunnel experiment. Then, the effects of the upstream building width and upwind building arrangement on the airflow and pollutant dispersion inside an isolated street canyon were investigated numerically. The numerical results revealed that: (1) the in-canyon vortex center shifts downwards as the upstream building width increases; (2) the recirculation zone covers the entire upstream building roof for the cases when W/H = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 (W is the upstream building width and H is the building height), whereas the flow reattaches the upstream building roof for the cases when W/H = 2.5 and 3.0; (3) when the upstream building width is shorter than the critical width W_C (= 2H), an increase in the upstream building width leads to an increase in the pollution level on the leeward wall of the canyon and a decrease in the roof-level concentrations at the upstream building; (4) when the upstream building width is longer than the critical width, the roof-level concentrations at the upstream building are negligibly small and the pollution level on the leeward wall of the canyon is almost unaffected by a further increase in the upstream building width; (5) when the buildings are placed upwind of the canyon, the flow attaches the upstream building roof and, therefore, almost none of the pollutants are distributed on the upstream building roof; and (6) the pollution levels inside the canyon and on the downstream building roof increase significantly with the number of upwind buildings.     

密闭爆炸容器实验研究及数值模拟

实验研究了三种结构的爆炸容器在爆炸载荷下的响应情况；并通过二维多流体欧拉程序对二维爆炸场进行了数值模拟．在这个基础上用ＮＩＫＥ－２Ｄ对壳体的动态响应进行数值模拟。     

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS OF BMP EFFECTWENESS FOR CONTROLLING NITROGEN FROM URBAN NONPOINT SOURCES1

ABSTRACT: The effectiveness of urban Best Management Practices (BMPs) in achieving the No-Net-Increase Policy (NNTP), a policy designed to limit nonpoint nitrogen loading to Long Island Sound (US), is analyzed. A unit loading model is used to simulate annual nitrogen exported from the Norwalk River watershed (Connecticut) under current and future conditions. A probabilistic uncertainty analysis is used to incorporate uncertainty in nitrogen export coefficients and BMP nitrogen removal effectiveness. The inclusion of uncertainty in BMP effectiveness and nitrogen export coefficients implies that additional BMPs, or BMPs with a greater effectiveness in nitrogen removal, will be required to achieve the NNIP. Even though including uncertainty leads to an increase in BMP implementation rates or BMP effectiveness, this type of analysis provides the decision maker with a more realistic assessment of the likelihood that implementing BMPs as a management strategy will be successful. Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that applying BMPs to new urban developments alone will not be sufficient to achieve the NNIP since BMPs are not 100 percent effective in removing the increase in nitrogen caused by urbanization. BMPs must also be applied to selected existing urban areas. BMPs with a nitrogen removal effectiveness of 40–60 percent, probably the highest level of removal that can be expected over an entire watershed, must be applied to at least 75 percent of the existing urban area to achieve the NNIP This high rate of application is not likely to be achieved in urbanized watersheds in the LIS watershed; therefore, additional point source control will be necessary to achieve the NNIP